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Psychology 101 > Thinking Lecture > Flashcards

Thinking Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

What is cognition?

A

focus on the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information

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2
Q

What is metacognition?

A

cognition about cognition; thinking about thinking

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3
Q

What is a concept?

A

mental groupings of similar similar objects, events, ideas, or people

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4
Q

What is a prototype?

A

a mental image or best example of a category

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5
Q

What is trail and error?

A

multiple different attempts until successful outcome is achieved

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6
Q

What is an aha moment?

A

Insight: an abrupt, true-seeming, and satisfying solution

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7
Q

What is a heuristic?

A

simpler thinking strategies/mental shortcuts (e.g., rules of thumb)

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8
Q

What is seeking information that confirms our beliefs and ignores contrary information?

A

Confirmation bias

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9
Q

What is intuition?

A

fast, automatic, unreasoned feelings and thoughts, also known as a ”gut feeling”

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10
Q

What is the availability heuristic?

A

estimate how common an event is based on its mental availability. Vividness can make it seem more common

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11
Q

What is the representativeness heuristic?

A

judging the likelihood of something by comparing it to a prototype

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12
Q

What are factors that exaggerate unlikely events?

A

Overconfidence, planning fallacy, belief perseverance, framing

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13
Q

How does overconfidence impact our lives?

A

tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgements

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14
Q

What is the planning fallacy?

A

overestimating future leisure time and income

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15
Q

How does the planning fallacy affect students?

A

Students expect to finish assignments ahead of schedule and usually take twice as long as predicted

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16
Q

What is belief perseverance?

A

tendency to cling to our beliefs after facing contrary evidence

17
Q

What is framing?

A

the way we present an issue

18
Q

What is the difference between intuitive and deliberative thought?

A

A. Intuitive thought: unconscious, automatic

B. Deliberative thought: conscious, planned, effortful

19
Q

Which brain region is creativity associated with?

A

Frontal Lobe (aptitude (ability to learn))

20
Q

What are the five components of creativity?

A 
Expertise
Imaginative thinking skills
Venturesome, determined personality
Intrinsic motivation
Creative environment
21
Q

Who developed the five components of creativity?

A

Robert Sternberg

22
Q

Which animals engage in thinking by using concepts?

A

Black bears
Great apes (chimpanzees and gorillas)
Pigeons

Psychology 101 (12 decks)

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