Motivation Lecture Flashcards
What is motivation?
Motivation arises from the interplay between nature (the bodily “push”) and nature (the “pulls” from our personal experiences, thoughts, and culture
What is instinct?
complex behavior with a fixed pattern throughout a species and is not learned
What is evolutionary theory?
Genes do predispose some species-typical behavior
What are psychological needs?
Create an aroused and motivated state (i.e., a drive)
What is a drive?
Pushes us to reduce that need
What is drive-reduction theory?
when a physiological need increases, so does our psychological drive to reduce it
What is homeostasis?
maintenance for a steady internal state
What is arousal theory?
human motivation aims not to eliminate arousal but to seek optimum levels of arousal. Having all our biological needs satisfied, we feel driven to experience simulation
Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
Maslow (1970)
What are the 6 needs in the hierarchy?
Physiological needs Safety needs Belongingness and love needs Esteem needs Self-actualization Self-transcendence needs
In what order can you meet various needs in the hierarchy?
Physiological needs Safety needs Belongingness and love needs Esteem needs Self-actualization Self-transcendence needs
Are stomach contractions necessary for hunger?
no
Why do our bodied keep track of glucose?
When blood glucose levels drop, you won’t feel your blood sugar drop. However, your brain will trigger hunger
What happens when blood glucose levels drop?
When blood glucose levels drop, you won’t feel your blood sugar drop. However, your brain will trigger hunger
What happens when the arcuate nucleus releases hormones?
When the arcuate nucleus is stimulated, animals begin to eat
What happens when the arcuate nucleus is destroyed?
animals will show no interest in food and start starving
What happens when the hypothalamic region that secretes appetite stimulating hormones is destroyed?
animals can’t stop eating and become obese
What is ghrelin and what is it’s function?
a hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach
Where does ghrelin get secreted from?
an empty stomach
What role does ghrelin play in bypass surgery?
seals off part of the stomach, it produces less ghrelin
What is the ecology of eating and what are some examples?
Situational influences on eating Examples: Friends and food Serving size Stimulating selections Nudging nutrition
When do hormones rise and fall for each sex?
Female sex hormones fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle, while male sex hormones remain relatively stable
Why were social bonds important for our ancestors?
Social bonds boosted our early ancestors’ chances of survival
According to Ryan & Deci (2000), what three needs to people strive to satisfy?
Competence
Autonomy
Relatedness
How does fulfilling these needs affect health and well-being?
Fulfilling these 3 needs increases health, reduces stress, and boosts self-esteem
What is motivation achievement and why does it matter?
a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastering skills or ideas, for control, and attaining a high standard
What are the two types of motivation and how are they different?
i. Intrinsic Motivation: the desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
ii. Extrinsic Motivation: behaving in certain ways that gain external rewards or avoid threatened punishment
