Sensation and Perception part 1 Lecture Flashcards
What is Sensation?
the initial process of encoding environmental
What is Perception?
the process of interpreting the information received from the senses
What two parts of the eye bend light to create and image on the retina?
The cornea and the lens
Which cells convert light energy into electrical signals?
The photoreceptors
What are the names of the two types of photoreceptors?
the rods and cones
How are the rods different from the cones?
rods are larger, very sensitive to light, do not support color vision, and used in low illumination
cones are smaller, less sensitive to light, can be used to see color, and used in high illumination
Why does dark adaptation occur?
the photoreceptors regenerate their photopigments
How many neurons are there in each optic nerve?
one million ganglion cells
How many different types of cones are there?
Three
Why is colorblindness more common in men than women?
The genes that code for the photopigments are on the X chromosome. If all of a person’s X chromosomes have colorblind genes, then the person will be colorblind
What is a monochromat?
have one cone type and see in black and white
What is a dichromat?
have two cone types and can either be Red-Green colorblind or Blue-Yellow colorblind
What is an anomalous trichromat?
they have one cone type with an abnormal pigment. Have trouble distinguishing certain shades of color
What is a tetrachromat?
have four cone types and can see 100 times as many colors as a normal trichromat
Which cells in the retina send color information to the brain?
ganglion cells
What are the three types of ganglion cells?
Red-Green, Blue-Yellow, and Black-White
What produces color afterimages?
when ganglion cells become fatigued
What are three pieces of evidence that face recognition differs from the process of recognizing other objects?
- different parts of the brain are responsible for the two tasks
- faces are more difficult to recognize in photographic negatives than objects
- faces are more difficult to recognize when they are upside down than objects
What are the three variables that determine how attractive people will find a face?
- the more symmetrical
- the closer they are the average face in a population
- if they exaggerate sex specific features of the face
What is change blindness?
people often miss large changes in scenes because the form perception areas can only process a small part of the scene at any one time
In what lobe of the brain are the motion perception areas?
parietal lobe
What is akinetopsia?
motion blindness
What depth cue is used to make 3D movies?
Binocular disparity
How does the Ames room manipulate depth cues?
the depth cues make you think both corners of the room are the same distance away
How does the Muller-Lyer illusion work?
by manipulating vertices to make one line appear to be bulging toward you and the other away from you
What is the Ponzo illusion?
the railroad tracks have depth cues that make the top bar look further away and thus bigger
What is responsible for the moon illusion?
depth cues on the surface of the earth
