Things to remember Flashcards
1
Q
the distance between each key and the next is a
A
5th
2
Q
d flat is enharmonic to
A
c sharp
3
Q
g flat is enharmonic to
A
f sharp
4
Q
c flat is enharmonic to
A
b
5
Q
tonic
A
1/8
6
Q
supertonic
A
2
7
Q
mediant
A
3
8
Q
subdominant
A
4
9
Q
submediant
A
6
10
Q
leading note
A
7
11
Q
major scales
A
wwhwwwh
12
Q
natural minor scales
A
semitones are between notes 2,3 and 5,6
13
Q
harmonic minor
A
semitones are between notes 2,3 and 5,6 and 7,8
14
Q
whole tone scales
A
7 notes, all whole steps
15
Q
octatonic
A
alternating tones and semitones. has 9 notes.
16
Q
blues scale
A
- use the major scale
- omit 2 and 6
- lower the 3 and 7
- add a lowered 5th.
- the changed notes are the blue notes
17
Q
major pentatonic
A
major scale without 4 and 7
18
Q
minor pentatonic
A
without 2 and 6
19
Q
chromatic
A
go up all half steps. never use the same letter more than twice
20
Q
ionian
A
same as major scale but using accidentals
21
Q
dorian
A
starting on second degree of given name
22
Q
phrygian
A
starting on third degree of given name
23
Q
lydian
A
starting on fourth degree of given name
24
Q
mixolydian
A
starting on fifth degree of given name
25
Aeolian
starting on sixth degree of given name
26
locrian
starting on seventh degree of given name
27
going from large intervals to compound intervals
add/subtract 7. eg. a perfect 2 is now a compound perfect 9
28
to invert a compound interval
write either bottom note two octaves higher or lower note or write the top one down an octave and the lower one above an octave.
29
simple duple time
upper number is always 2
30
simple triple time
upper number is always 3
31
simple quadruple
upper number is always 4
32
compound duple
two beats per measure. upper number is always 6 while lower can be 4,8 or 16
33
compound time
three pulses. represented by a dotted note.
34
compound triple time
upper number is always 9, lower can be 4,8 or 16
35
compound quadruple time
upper number is always 12, lower can be 4,8 or 16
36
hybrid duple
five pulses in two beats. can be a 3 +2 or 2 +3, upper number is always 5 while lower can be 2,4,8,16
37
hybrid triple
upper number is always 7 while lower can be 2,4,8,16
38
hybrid quadruple time
upper number is always 9,10,11 while lower can be 2,4,8,16
39
type
quality
40
degree
written in roman numerals and small roman if not major. only the perfect guys are major
41
major triads can be built on
Major: the first, fourth and fifth
Minor: the fifth and the 6th
42
minor triads can be built on
major: second, third, 6th
Minor: first and fourth
43
diminished triads can be built on
major: 7th
minor: 2nd and 7th
44
augmented triads can be built on
major: none
minor: third
45
augmented triads
major third and augmented 5th above root
46
diminished triads
minor 3rd and diminished 5th above root
47
triad
chord consisting of a root, 3rd and 5th
48
7th chord
chord consisting of a root, 3rd, 5th and 7th
49
quartal chord
chord built on a series of 4ths
50
cluster
chord consisting of a combination of at least three adjacent notes of any scale
51
polychord
combination of two or more different chords
52
perfect cadence
5-1
53
plagal cadence
4-1
54
imperfect cadence AKA half close
anything that starts on 1 or 4 and ends on 5
55
to write cadences in general
write notes of the required chords. the write the roots in the bass clef then write one of the notes in the treble and the notes below it. Rewrite the common tone in the next measure and repeat
56
alto clef
places "c" on the third line. the key signatures go down
57
tenor clef
places "c" on the fourth line, key signatures go up for sharps and down for flats
58
in a major scale, the 7th note is called
the leading tone
59
in a minor, natural scale, the 7th is called
the subtonic
60
in a minor, harmonic scale, the 7th is called
the leading tone
61
authentic cadence
5 to 1
62
half cadence
imperfect cadence (anything ending on v)
63
string quartet score
first violin: (treble)
second violin (treble)
viola (alto)
cello (bass)
has a giant bracket on it and is a 4 part score
double bar line at the end connecting all the scores
lines connect all measures together
64
modern vocal score
abbreviated as SATB
AKA chorale style
soprano: (treble)
alto (treble)
tenor (written one octave higher than the actual sound)
bass (in the bass clef)
sometimes tenor has a small number 8 to indicate octave transposition
there is text in this score sometimes
there is individual bar lines not connecting the score but there is a bracket at the beginning connecting them all
double bar line doesn't connect at the end
65
short score
where voices are written as two staves. stems go up and down
66
open score
each instrumental voice is written on its own staff ex. string quartet score and modern vocal score
67
trumpet and clarinet transposition
written a major second higher than concert pitch so lower it a major second if going from transposition to concert pitch
68
french and english horn transposition
written a perfect fifth higher than concert pitch so lower it a major second if going from transposition to concert pitch
69
transposition
minor and major keys stay as they are
70
functional chord symbols
the I, II etc things. the 7 indicates a 7th chord
71
chorale style cadence
written in treble and bass where S and A are treble together. since there is four notes, double the tonic. if there is a common tone, it should stay in the same voice.
72
soprano voice range
from low c to high g
73
alto voice range
low low g to medium c
74
tenor voice range
bass clef c to low g in treble
75
bass voice range
bass from low e, to middle c in treble
76
parallel motion
when voices move in same direction maintaining the same intervals
77
similar motion
voices going same direction but changing intervals
78
contrary motion
voices move in opposite directions
79
oblique motion
occurs when one voice remains stationary and other moves
80
baroque era
1600-1750
81
classical era
1750-1825
82
romantic era
1825-1900
83
modern era
1900-present
84
Dm
D minor chord
85
D
d major chord
86
D+
d major augmented
87
D with a circle
d minor diminished
88
D7
d with an added 7th
89
scale degree numbers
written with a little hat ex 3 with a hat
90
major triad intervals
maj 3 anf per 5
91
augmented
maj 3, aug 5
92
minor triad
min 3 per 5
93
diminished triad
min 3, dim 5
94
seventh chord
root of triad and add a min 7th on top
95
be careful when writing intervals below notes
write the interval first, then asses
96
mnemonic for order of modes
I Don't Particularly Like Modes A Lot
97
when is a breve rest used
full measure of silence in 4/2, 9/4 and 12/4
98
compound perfect intervals are
11,12 and 15
99
triplets are in the time of
2 eight notes
100
duplets are in the time of
three eight notes
101
quadruplets are in the time of
three eight
102
quintuplets are in the time of
three, 4 or 5 16th notes
103
sextuplets are in the time of
4 16th notes
104
septuplets
are in the time of 4 or 6 16th notes
105
root/quality chords
the Dm, e flat m things. a slash indicates an inversion for example, if it is a c chord inversion and the bottom note is e, it will be written as C/E
106
chords of major scale
major: 1,4,5
minor: 2,3,6
diminished: 7
107
chords of minor scale, natural form
major: 3,6,7
minor: 1,4,5
diminished: 2
108
chords of minor scale, harmonic form
major: 5,6
minor: 1,4
diminished: 2,7
augmented: 3
109
root position functional chord symbol
just roman numeral
110
first inversion functional chord symbol
roman numeral 6 at top
111
second inversion functional chord symbol
roman numeral with 6, 4 on top
112
dominant 7th chord root position functional chord symbol
roman numeral with a 7
113
dominant 7th chord 1st inversion functional chord symbol
roman with 6,5
114
dominant 7th chord second inversion functional chord symbol
roman with 4,3
115
dominant 7th chord 3rd inversion functional chord symbol
roman numeral 4,2
116
7th chords root quality chord symbols
written with a 7, if it is diminished, the circle comes before the 7
117
chorale style cadence
when the stems go up and down SATB style and the root must be doubled (usually the bass)
118
keyboard style cadence
just the simple chords and stuff
119
motives
short rhythmic melodies that are used as building blocks to create melodies
120
phrases
musical sentences, they always end with cadences
121
stable scale degrees
1 and 3. notes of tonic triad
122
unstable degrees
2 and 7 make it sound unfinished. notes of dominant triad
123
antecedent
the first phrase that ends on a unstable scale degree.
124
consequent
answer phrase, ends on stable degree
125
a
used to identify phrases that are exactly the same in a piece
126
a1
use to identify phrases that are similar to a but not exactly the same
127
b
contrasting phrase
128
parallel period
first two bars are the same, end on stable degree and
129
when asked for type
state major, minor, diminished etc.
130
passing tones
fill the gaps between chord notes resulting in stepwise motion
131
neighbour tones
go up and down back to the same chord tone, ex. g-a-g a is the neighbour tones
132
always approach cadences in composition in
stepwise motion
133
ordo virtutum composer
hildegard von bingen
134
ordo virtutum
is a morality play, has monophonic texture, is a plainchant built on modes, medieval era
135
monophonic texture
has a single line only
136
devil and virtues
ordo virtutum
137
sumer is icumen in composer
anonymous composer, medieval era
138
sumer is icumen in is a
rota, round sung by vocalists, polyphonic, obstinate
139
polyphonic texture
combination of two or more independent melodic lines
140
ostinato
recurring rhythmic or melodic pattern
141
el grillo composer
josquin des prez, renaissance era
142
frottola
polyphonic vocal genre, playful poems and word painting
143
el grillo
frottola, word painting, a cappella homorhythmic texture
144
javanese gamelan
gamelan, metallophones
145
a capella
vocal music without instrument
146
homorhythmic texture
all voices have same rhythmic pattern,
147
gamelan
features instruments with wooden bars and drums
148
metallophones
metal bars struck with mallets
149
raga
used as a basis of improvisation, literally means colour
150
sitar
instrument of string
151
tala
means clap, provides rhythmic structure for a composition or performance. expressed by percussion instruments, more likely the tabla
