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Music Theory RCM terms level 8 > neurochem > Flashcards

neurochem Flashcards

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1
Q

neuron structure

A

dendrites go out, cell body, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, terminal fibers, synapse and synaptic cleft

  • nucleus has mito
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2
Q

synapse

A

1 nerve ending and dendrite meet

  • presynaptic and post synaptic with vescicles and receptors
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3
Q

resting membrane potential

A

70 mv with high - inside. k is inside, cl and na outside

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4
Q

action potential

A
  • membrane is lowered to -50
  • allows na in and k out
  • potential is +30 now, gives impulse
  • happens in 1 sec
  • na k atapse pumps na out and k in
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5
Q

na k permeability

A

voltage gated channels, only open when nerve impulse hits axon and terminal fiber to allow/nnot allow nerve impulse

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6
Q

calciym

A

release of NT from cleft is ca dependent

- AP causes ca to enter cleft

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7
Q

blood brain barrier

A
  • endothelial cell lined wiyh tight junctions
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8
Q

acetylcholine

A
  • see structure
  • associated with skeletal muscle, motor neurons and attention and self awareness in CNS
  • EXCITATOTIR
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9
Q

acetylcholine made + how it works

A

made in presyn
- see reaction

  • binds to receptor on post syn, na channel is opened to let na in
  • neuron is depolarized (closer to threshold so more +)
  • after it has boumd it gets attacked by acetylcholineesterase
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10
Q

acetylcholineesterase

A
  • see reaction

- acetate and choline taken back up into presyn

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11
Q

nicotinic

A
  • nicotine is mimicing action of acetylcholine (agonist)
  • found in skeletal muscle
  • cobra toxin binds to this type + blocks receptor
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12
Q

muscarinic

A
  • binds atropine

- smooth muscle and brain

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13
Q

myasthenia gravis

A
  • some disease to do with antibodies against nicotinic receptor
  • muscle weakness
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14
Q

catecholamines

A
  • dopa and norepi
  • excit/inhibit depending on
  • often inhibtory using cl- ions and increase camp by increasing adenyl cyclase
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15
Q

dopamine

A
  • dopamine controls movement
  • parkinsons is death of dopamine neurons so less dopamine is made
  • shiophroena is excess dopamine transmission so also less dopamine
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16
Q

serotonin

A
  • mediate sleep and sensory perception

- LSD binds to this to decfease it?

17
Q

gaba

A

inhibitory

  • increases cl transport into post synapse
  • hyperpolarizes
  • valium binds here
  • some reaction written
18
Q

glial cells

A

non neuronal.

  • microglia clean debris
  • macroglia make myelin (white matter) and guide axons in brain dev
  • astrocytes are star shaped that buffer ions and metabolites
19
Q

glutamate

A
  • excitatory

- involved in plasticity and neurotoxicity

20
Q

plasticity

A

involves long term potentiation or depression

  • potentiation means long lasting enhancement in synpase efficacy
  • depression is reduction
21
Q

nerve impulse and glu

A

glu is released as impulse reaches pre synaptic end and ninds to receptor causing na release
- made inside astrocyte where g.u is converted to gln

22
Q

glycine

A
  • inhinitory of spinal chord and brain stm
23
Q

cocaine

A
  • plant alkaloid from coca shrub

- blocks re-uptake of norepi from synpatic cleft

24
Q

brain opiates

A
  • analgesic (releive pain)
  • produce euphora (well being feeling)
  • addictive with emotional/physical dependence
  • tolerance (take more to get effect)
  • withdrawl
25
Q

opium from poppy

A

10 is morpheine

  • see structure
  • if you acetylate, you get heroin
26
Q

antagonist

A

drug that produce none of the effects of the parent drug and blockj the effects

27
Q

mixt agonist

A

antagonist. drug that makes some effects of parent drug but blocks others

28
Q

enkephalin, met and leu

A

met enkephaline is a penta peptide (tyr, gly, gly, phe, met)
leu enkephain is tyr, gly,gly, phe, leu

  • bind to train receptors
29
Q

b endorphin

A

protein with pentapeptide sequence

30
Q

acth

A

made in pituitary gland

- naturally make b endorphins

31
Q

enkephalin effect

A
  • decrease na flo
  • inhibit neurons that normally are excitatory
  • involved in modulation of neurons that reulate pain, keep pain threshold high so no pain
32
Q

drug mechanism: tolerance

A
  • increase degradative enzymes so more drug to make more effect
33
Q

drug mech: enkephalin

A
  • without drugs, we have a level of enkephalin
  • with drugs, drug binds in place of enkephalins so down reg of it and fewer enkephalins
  • tolerance
  • withdrawl
34
Q

drug mech: adennylate cyclase

A
  • cell needs camp,
  • enkephalins inhibit so less camp
  • body increases receptors to restore levels of camp
  • more drug = more inhibit

Music Theory RCM terms level 8 (11 decks)

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