neurochem Flashcards

1
Q

neuron structure

A

dendrites go out, cell body, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, terminal fibers, synapse and synaptic cleft

  • nucleus has mito
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2
Q

synapse

A

1 nerve ending and dendrite meet

  • presynaptic and post synaptic with vescicles and receptors
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3
Q

resting membrane potential

A

70 mv with high - inside. k is inside, cl and na outside

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4
Q

action potential

A
  • membrane is lowered to -50
  • allows na in and k out
  • potential is +30 now, gives impulse
  • happens in 1 sec
  • na k atapse pumps na out and k in
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5
Q

na k permeability

A

voltage gated channels, only open when nerve impulse hits axon and terminal fiber to allow/nnot allow nerve impulse

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6
Q

calciym

A

release of NT from cleft is ca dependent

- AP causes ca to enter cleft

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7
Q

blood brain barrier

A
  • endothelial cell lined wiyh tight junctions
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8
Q

acetylcholine

A
  • see structure
  • associated with skeletal muscle, motor neurons and attention and self awareness in CNS
  • EXCITATOTIR
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9
Q

acetylcholine made + how it works

A

made in presyn
- see reaction

  • binds to receptor on post syn, na channel is opened to let na in
  • neuron is depolarized (closer to threshold so more +)
  • after it has boumd it gets attacked by acetylcholineesterase
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10
Q

acetylcholineesterase

A
  • see reaction

- acetate and choline taken back up into presyn

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11
Q

nicotinic

A
  • nicotine is mimicing action of acetylcholine (agonist)
  • found in skeletal muscle
  • cobra toxin binds to this type + blocks receptor
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12
Q

muscarinic

A
  • binds atropine

- smooth muscle and brain

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13
Q

myasthenia gravis

A
  • some disease to do with antibodies against nicotinic receptor
  • muscle weakness
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14
Q

catecholamines

A
  • dopa and norepi
  • excit/inhibit depending on
  • often inhibtory using cl- ions and increase camp by increasing adenyl cyclase
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15
Q

dopamine

A
  • dopamine controls movement
  • parkinsons is death of dopamine neurons so less dopamine is made
  • shiophroena is excess dopamine transmission so also less dopamine
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16
Q

serotonin

A
  • mediate sleep and sensory perception

- LSD binds to this to decfease it?

17
Q

gaba

A

inhibitory

  • increases cl transport into post synapse
  • hyperpolarizes
  • valium binds here
  • some reaction written
18
Q

glial cells

A

non neuronal.

  • microglia clean debris
  • macroglia make myelin (white matter) and guide axons in brain dev
  • astrocytes are star shaped that buffer ions and metabolites
19
Q

glutamate

A
  • excitatory

- involved in plasticity and neurotoxicity

20
Q

plasticity

A

involves long term potentiation or depression

  • potentiation means long lasting enhancement in synpase efficacy
  • depression is reduction
21
Q

nerve impulse and glu

A

glu is released as impulse reaches pre synaptic end and ninds to receptor causing na release
- made inside astrocyte where g.u is converted to gln

22
Q

glycine

A
  • inhinitory of spinal chord and brain stm
23
Q

cocaine

A
  • plant alkaloid from coca shrub

- blocks re-uptake of norepi from synpatic cleft

24
Q

brain opiates

A
  • analgesic (releive pain)
  • produce euphora (well being feeling)
  • addictive with emotional/physical dependence
  • tolerance (take more to get effect)
  • withdrawl
25
opium from poppy
10 is morpheine - see structure - if you acetylate, you get heroin
26
antagonist
drug that produce none of the effects of the parent drug and blockj the effects
27
mixt agonist
antagonist. drug that makes some effects of parent drug but blocks others
28
enkephalin, met and leu
met enkephaline is a penta peptide (tyr, gly, gly, phe, met) leu enkephain is tyr, gly,gly, phe, leu - bind to train receptors
29
b endorphin
protein with pentapeptide sequence
30
acth
made in pituitary gland | - naturally make b endorphins
31
enkephalin effect
- decrease na flo - inhibit neurons that normally are excitatory - involved in modulation of neurons that reulate pain, keep pain threshold high so no pain
32
drug mechanism: tolerance
- increase degradative enzymes so more drug to make more effect
33
drug mech: enkephalin
- without drugs, we have a level of enkephalin - with drugs, drug binds in place of enkephalins so down reg of it and fewer enkephalins - tolerance - withdrawl
34
drug mech: adennylate cyclase
- cell needs camp, - enkephalins inhibit so less camp - body increases receptors to restore levels of camp - more drug = more inhibit