metabolism

Question 1

post prandial, meal component and hormone

Answer 1

right after eating

• meal is often 40% fat, 10% protein, 50% carb
• protein and carb broekn in stomach and si
• insulin release from pancreas (so epi and glucagon off)
• inhibition of hormone sensitive lipase (no TG breakdown)

Question 2

post absorptive

Answer 2

after 6 hours, glucose drops
- gluc and epi secreted
liver glycogen is source of gluc
- atp levels drop so allosteric enzymes stim by adp and amp are on
- hormone sensitive lipase is on (tg breakdown so we have acetyl coa)

Question 3

short term starvatio

Answer 3

can’t eat for 2-4 days

• use less glycogen (glycogen sparing)
• burn more tg, more acetyl coa (can exceed capacity)
• excess ketone bod formation (ketoacidosis)
• protein breakdown occurs (gluconeogenesis to maintain blood gluc)
• negative nitrogen balance (more AA broken down)

Question 4

long term starvation

Answer 4

• more than one week
• decrease in concentration of biosynth enzymes (dont need to make fa ex.)
• decreased muscle protein
• urea production deceases, only essential aa remain

Question 5

CHRONIC overeating

Answer 5

• high blood glucose
• increase in biosynth enzymes
• insulin levels are high mostly, leading to downreg of receptors
• risk for type two dia
• atherosclerosis

Question 6

nutrition calorie stuff

Answer 6

calorie = 1 kcal

2100 female. 2900 male
resting 1300, 1800

1 lb of fat is 3500 kcal
exercise burns 8kcal/hr/kg

Question 7

vegetarianism

Answer 7

watch protein intake

- eat succotash: corn and bean dish that gives lys and tryp since corn is low in lys and bean is low in try

Question 8

vitamins + minerals

Answer 8

fat soluble are stored longer than water soluble

• vit a,d,e,k are fat sol
• vit c and b is h20 sol

minerals: na,k,mg,ca

Question 9

inositol lipid pathway of regulation

Answer 9

• see structure
• componnent of mem system
• vasopressin and nt bind to receptor and cell surface, activage a g protein, activate a phosphodiesterase in mem which catalyzes rxn (SEE CARD)
• makes ipd which diffuses into cytosol and causes ca release

Question 10

ca release

Answer 10

ip3 diffuses into cytosol and stims ca release

- stims the ca dependent protein kinase, muscle contraction, binds to calmodulin (which activates other enzymes)

Question 11

tyrosine kinase system

Answer 11

• epidermal growth factor (regulate cell growth and division) binds
• kinase adds phosphate to itself