Things to know about the Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
- Menstruation aka “period” – uterine lining sheds
- Follicular : Pituitary gland releases LH & FSH to stimulate follicles on the ovary
- Ovulation: Mature egg is released from the ovary & travels via fallopian tubes to uterus, egg will survive ~ 24 hours
- Luteal: Ovarian cells (corpus luteum) release progesterone & small amt of estrogen thickened uterine lining
What are common menstraul issues?
Permenstrual syndrome (PMS), Dysmenorrhea, Menorrhagia, Amenorrhea
What are different female contraceptives?
Oral Contraceptives
Intrauterine devices (IUD)
Emergency Contraception
What are different medications for menopause?
Estrogen hormonal replacement therapy (HRT)
Combination estrogen/progesterone HRT
What is menopause and when does it usually occur?
typically beings around 45-55, gradual decrease in estrogen and progesterone, progesterone decrease causes most symptoms
What is BPH? Symptoms?
walnut sized gland located in front of the rectum and below the bladder that surrounds the urethra, Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy, urinary outflow disorder/ obstructive urinary retention, urinary frequency, hesitancy, urgency
What is BPH treated with?
alpha1-adrenergic blockers
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
What is PSA?
prostate-specific antigen
Review of parasympathetic
“rest and digest,” neurotransmitter: acetylcholine
Review of sympathetic
“fight or flight,” neurotransmitter: norepinephrine
What is erectile dysfunction?
Difficulty initiating or maintaining penile erection
What is urinary incontinence?
Impaired function = detrusor muscle contracting too soon
Due to spasticity (neurogenic bladder)
Due to over-active bladder
What are the drugs of choice to treat symptoms of urinary incontinence?
anticholinergics
Changes due to cholinergic
no change in HR, no change in RR, no change in temp, pinpoint pupils, increase bowel, increased diaphoresis, SLUDGE toxicity (salivation, lacrimation, urination, diaphoresis, GI distress, emesis)
Changes due to anticholinergic
increase HR, no change RR, increased temp, dilated pupils, decreased bowel, decreased diaphoresis, toxicity (hot as a hare, dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, made as a hatter)
