Endocrine System and Thyroid Things to know Flashcards
What is the function of thyroid hormone?
control metabolic activity
What is TSH secreted?
anterior pituitary
Causes of Hypothyroidism
- Autoimmune thyroiditis =Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
- iatrogenic (radiation)
- Iodine insufficiency
- Medications (amiodarone, lithium)
- Thyroidectomy
Clinical Manifestations of Hypothyroidism
Fatigue
Sluggishness
Increased sensitivity to cold
Constipation
Pale/dry skin
Weight gain
Muscle weakness
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Causes of hyperthyroidism
- Excessive iodine
- Grave’s disease: autoimmune –stimulates thyroid hormone production
- Inflammation
- Tumors (thyroid carcinoma or pituitary adenoma)
Clinical Manifestations of Hyperthyroidism
Weight loss
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias (afib)
HTN
Nervousness/anxiety
Diaphoresis
Diarrhea
Difficulty sleeping
Exophthalmos
What is Diabetes Insipidus
- Caused by head trauma or damage to pituitary gland or hypothalamus (surgery, tumor, etc.)
- Not producing enough anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) leading to extreme diuresis and dehydration
What is syndrome of inappropriate Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)
- Caused by head trauma, heart failure (compensatory renin release), or medication side effect
- TOO much ADH, retaining too much fluid
Clinical Manifestations of Diabetes Insipidus
high urinary output, low levels of ADH, hypernatremia, dehydrated, lose too much water, excessive thirst
Clinical manifestations of SIADH
low urinary output, high levels of ADH, hyponatremia, over hydrates, retain too much fluid, excessive thirst
SIADH and DI mnemonic device
SIADH = Soaked inside, DI = dry inside
What is Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison’s disease, decreased cortisol and/or ACTH levels
What causes adrenal insufficiency?
Autoimmune
Surgical removal of pituitary gland
Abrupt withdrawal of glucocorticoids
Cancer
Hemorrhage
Birth
Clinical Manifestations of Adrenal Insufficiency
Hypotension
Hypoglycemia
Increased skin pigmentation
Anorexia
N/V
Slow movement
Mouth lesion
Electrolyte disturbance: Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia
