Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology Exam #3 > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

metformin (Glucophage): Class

A

Biguanides - first line monotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

metformin (Glucophage): Use

A

Initial drug used to treat type II diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

metformin (Glucophage): EPA

A

Reduces the production of glucose by the liver, decreases absorption of glucose from the intestines & increases sensitivity of insulin receptors in tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

metformin (Glucophage): ADRs

A

Lactic acidosis, N/V/D, metallic taste, BLACK BOX WARNING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

metformin (Glucophage): BLACK BOX WARNING

A

Risk for potentially fatal lactic acidosis for people with a history because increases production of lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

metformin (Glucophage): contraindications

A

Not given during severe illness, surgery, or hospitalization
Pregnancy
Renal and hepatic impairment
Hx of lactic acidosis
ETOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

metformin (Glucophage): RN Interventions

A

take with meals, do not stop taking without consulting provider, avoid ETOH, CAN NOT be taken if client is having imaging done because it can cause kidney injury, hold 48 hrs before and after contrast imagery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol): Class

A

Sulfonylureas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol): Use

A

Used in combination with diet to lower blood sugar levels in patients with type II diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol): EPA

A

Stimulates pancreatic beta cells to produce more insulin, therefore increasing secretion of insulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol): ADR

A

hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol): contraindications

A

Sulfa allergy-should not take
Pregnancy
Renal or hepatic dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

glipizide (Glucotrol): RN Interventions

A

take 30 minutes before meals, Not given during severe illness, surgery, hospitalization or pregnancy (need to take insulin instead to control blood sugars)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

repaglinide (Prandin): classification

A

Meglitinides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

repaglinide (Prandin): EPA

A

similar to sulfonylureas, stimulate section of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pioglitazone (Actos): Classification

A

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pioglitazone (Actos): EPA

A

reduces insulin resistance of tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

acarbose (Precose): Classification

A

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

acarbose (Precose): EPA

A

blocks/delays digestion/absorption of carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sitagliptin (Januvia): Classification

A

Gliptins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sitagliptin (Januvia): EPA

A

Inhibits inactivation of incretin hormones (and thus increases insulin secretion)

22
Q

Regular insulin: classification

A

Short-Acting Insulin

23
Q

Regular insulin: Use

A

To control blood sugar in patients with type I diabetes or in patients with type II diabetes that could not get control with diet, exercise and oral agents

24
Q

Regular insulin: EPA and onset

A

Short-acting insulin with an onset of 30-60 minutes. Replaces endogenous insulin and has the same effect as the pancreatic hormone

25
Q

What is specific about regular insulin administration?

A

It is the only insulin that can be given IV

26
Q

regular insulin: ADR

A

hypoglycemia

27
Q

regular insulin: contraindications

A

hypoglycemia, people with renal disease the dose will need to be lowered

28
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog): classification

A

Rapid-Acting insulin (Meal-time insulin)

29
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog): other medications

A

aspart (Novolog)

30
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog): Use

A

Rapid-acting insulin that is given with meals or to correct a high blood glucose level. Can be used in patients with type I or type II diabetes

31
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog): EPA and onset

A

onset is quick, about 15 minutes

32
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog): ADR

A

hypoglycemia

33
Q

lispro insulin (Humalog): contraindications

A

hypoglycemia, lower dose for people with renal disease

34
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus): class

A

Insulin- Long Acting

35
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus): Use

A

To control blood sugar in patients with type I diabetes or in patients with type II diabetes that could not get control with diet, exercise and oral agents

36
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus): EPA and onset

A

Onset is about 2 hours and there is no peak…acts like basal insulin

37
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus): ADR

A

hypoglycemia

38
Q

glargine insulin (Lantus): contraindications

A

hypoglycemia, lower does for renal disease

39
Q

Onset, Peak, and Duration of Rapid-acting “meal-time” insulin

A

onset=15 min, peak 30 min-2.5 hr, duration=3-6 hours
lispro (Humalog) & aspart (Novolog)

40
Q

Onset, Peak, and Duration of Short acting insulin

A

onset=30-60 min, peak=1-5 hours, duration=6-10 hours
Regular insulin (can be mixed with longer acting insulin)

41
Q

Onset, Peak, and Duration of Intermediate acting Insulin

A

onset=1-2 hours, peak=6-14 hours, duration=16-24 hours
NPH insulin

42
Q

Onset, Peak, and Duration of Long-acting insulin

A

onset=2 hours, no peak, duration=18-24 hours
glargine (Lantus)

43
Q

Nursing Considerations: Endocrine Insulin

A

administered in units, stores in refrigerator, can stay at room temp. for up to 1 month, do not expose to sunlight or high temperatures, mixed insulin do regular first (clear before cloudy), type I diabetes-insulin pumps use rapid-acting insulin

44
Q

Insulin Administration

A

injection subcutaneous, sites should be rotated (abdomen has greatest absorption, posterior upper arm, anterior thigh, hips are least absorptive)

45
Q

How to inject insulin

A
  • Prime insulin pen with 2 units of insulin or draw up insulin in insulin syringe
  • Dial up correct amount of insulin on pen, or verify amount on syringe
  • Locate site of injection and clean skin with alcohol
  • With non-dominant hand hold and pinch area. - With dominant hand inject the insulin pen/needle at a 90-degree angle.
  • Hold in place for at least 5 seconds after administering insulin
46
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen): Class

A

Hyperglycemics

47
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen): other medications

A

50% glucose (D50-given IV)

48
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen): Use

A

Hypoglycemia from an insulin overdose

49
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen): EPA

A

Raises blood levels of glucose through glycogenesis.

50
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen): ADR

A

nausea, vomiting

51
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen): contraindications

A

hypersensitive

52
Q

glucagon (GlucaGen): RN Interventions

A
  • Turn client on side if unconscious
  • Provide food after patient regains consciousness and able to swallow safely
  • Educate on signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and how to treat

Pharmacology Exam #3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions