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Psych GRE > Things from the practice tests :) > Flashcards

Things from the practice tests :) Flashcards

1
Q

Wolpe

A

Developed therapeutic technique of systematic desensitization

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2
Q

Lazarus

A

Known for the development of emotion focused and problem focused coping styles

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3
Q

Moreno

A

Known for the therapeutic technique of psychodrama in which clients act out their life experiences they are struggling with

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4
Q

Cognitive Structuralists

A

Fundamental belief is that a child is an active part of their own development

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5
Q

“Moving Away from Others”

A

Horney concept as a part of how children adapt to basic anxiety

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6
Q

Piaget

A

Everything to do with assimilation/accommodation. Inspired Cognitive Structuralist. Four Stages of Cognitive Development. Utilized the clinical method.

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7
Q

Law of Effect

A

Developed by Thorndike - (puzzle boxes for cats/pigeons).

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8
Q

Cognitive Maps

A

Suggested by Tolman, because he learned that rats utilized internal maps of mazes to determine how to solve them if there were roadblocks.

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9
Q

E.O. Wilson

A

Any question about Wilson is probably about sociobiology, and is concerned with the fitness of various species

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10
Q

Auditory Transduction

A

Takes place in the Organ of Corti

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11
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Measures Variability

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12
Q

Pre-operational Stage

A

Piaget 2nd cognitive stage. Time in which children begin to have the ability to internally represent the world

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13
Q

Spatial Organization

A

Mostly handled in the non-dominant hemisphere

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14
Q

Olds and Milner

A

Rats will electrically stimulate themselves in the septal nuclei (pleasure center, inhibits rage)

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15
Q

Galton

A

Studied individual differences as a way to study personality

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16
Q

Implosion

A

When therapist has the client imagine a fearfully conditioned stimulus as a way to begin desensitizing someone (i.e. flooding, but imagined)

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17
Q

Dual Code Hypothesis

A

Developed by Paivo. Asserts that concrete information (i.e. vocabulary) is encoded both visually and verbally when possible. This means that if a word/idea has better mental imagery associated with it, it will be remembered better

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18
Q

Hippocampus Lesion

A

Anterograde Amnesia

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19
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Used to treat acute schizophrenia episodes

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20
Q

Hypothetico-Deductive Method

A

When a hypothesis is formed, and then studied, and then a new hypothesis is reevaluated.

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21
Q

Avoidance-Avoidance Conflicts

A

When one needs to make a choice about the lesser of two evils.

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22
Q

Confabulation

A

Filling in memory gaps with distorted material (sometimes happens in disorders which effect memory)

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23
Q

Mental Chronometry

A

Use of response times to study the cognitive processes.

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24
Q

Eye Process in Dim Lights

A

Utilize rods mostly, No rods in fovea. During dim light, hard to determine shapes from fovea in dim light.

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25
Q

The Thicker the Myellin Sheath….

A

The faster conduction is

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26
Q

Expression/Comprehension of Language

A

Handled in dominant hemisphere

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27
Q

Ratio IQ Equation

A

(mental age/chronological age)*100

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28
Q

GABA is…

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

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29
Q

Social Facilitation vs. Social Influence

A

Facilitation: improves performance
Influence: bystander theories (i.e. Darley/Latane)

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30
Q

Studying to avoid failing a test is…

A

avoidance (i.e. negative reinforcement)

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31
Q

PKU

A

Genetic degenerative disease in childhood. First one to be testable easily. Requires early intervention.

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32
Q

Lewin and Personality

A

Rigid and fluid boundaries of personality regions

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33
Q

Witkin and Personality

A

Personality is formed via one’s perception of the world

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34
Q

Nature/Nurture

A 
Nature = Maturation
Nurture = Environment
35
Q

Geniculate Nucleuses

A

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus: Vision

Medial Geniculate Nucleus: Audition

36
Q

Volley Principle

A

Proposed by Wever and Bray:Concept that nerve fibers work together to vibrate the basilar membrane for frequencies of over 1000

37
Q

Gilligan

A

Criticized Kohlberg morals and suggested that there was a stage method, but that there were gender differences (girls were more interpersonally focused, and men were more concerned with hedonistic results)

38
Q

Importance of Autoshaping

A

Autoshaping demonstrates that operant conditioning is partially due to classical conditioning functions

39
Q

Categorical Perception

A

The ability to ignore sound differences if they are not meaningful, and the ability to hear sound differences which are subtle but denote meaningful differences

40
Q

Signal Direction requires…

A

ROC Curves!

41
Q

Frisch

A

Studied honeybee “dancing” communications

42
Q

Tinbergen

A

Studied aggression in sticklebacks

43
Q

Rod and Frame Apparatus

A

Utilized in studies of field dependence

44
Q

Kin Selection explains…

A

Altruism in animals, because while altruism doesn’t explain them increasing their fitness, by kin selection they are increasing their inclusive fitness

45
Q

Spatial Processing happens in the…

A

Parietal Lobe

46
Q

Sign Stimulus triggers…

A

FAP (fixed action patterns)

47
Q

Kelly

A

People like being their own scientists, and so personality is driven by them wanting to control the environment around them.

48
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

Basal Ganglia Structure. Decrease of dopamine here is what leads to parkinson’s symptoms.

49
Q

Which cognitive ability is LEAST LIKELY to decline in old age?

A

semantic memory

50
Q

Sherrington thought rapid stimulation of synapses was due to…

A

temporal summation

51
Q

ventral/dorsal streams

A 
ventral = what
dorsal = where
52
Q

Erikson’s crisis are considered a revamp of..

A

Freud’s psychosexual stages

53
Q

Rapid Eye Movement is associated with…

A

dreaming

54
Q

Mixing paints changes the colors because…

A

the colors mixed will absorb all the wavelengths except the one they mix to become.

55
Q

Baddeley and Hitch

A

Theories on working memory. If two tasks require the same component of WM, performance will be weakened on one or both tasks.

56
Q

False Consensus Effect

A

When one overestimates the extent to which their opinions/beliefs are typical of others

57
Q

Rat damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus

A

will interfere with the biological clock that is synchorinized with light

58
Q

Changing from a two tailed to one tailed test…

A

increases the power of the statistical test

59
Q

Johnston and Heinz Multimode Theory of Attention

A

Flexible and selective attention.

If two tasks require attentional resources, can be misallocated.

60
Q

Where is the action potential triggered in the neuron?

A

The axon hillock

61
Q

Gonodal Hormones effect on mate selection is called…

A

An Organizational Effect

62
Q

Decenter

A

(aka decentration). Piaget. Time during concrete operational where kids learn to consider multiple aspects of a situation, and learn about conservation.

63
Q

Amyloid Plaques and Neurofibrillary tangles are characteristic of…

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

64
Q

Damage to the ear’s hair cells results in..

A

difficulty hearing people in noisy situations (but no problems in quiet areas)

65
Q

Cephalocaudal Development

A

Developm ent which proceeds from head to tail

66
Q

Kubler-Ross stages of coping with death

A

(denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance).

Limited theory bc not everyone experiences every stage

67
Q

Subliminal Messages can…

A

maybe influence short term attitude changes

68
Q

Tolman thought behavior was understood as…

A

molar (ie continuous) and purposive

69
Q

General Adaption Syndrome

A

Stage 1: alarm reaction (shock and countershock)
Stage 2: resistance
Stage 3: exhaustion

70
Q

The Phi Phenomenon

A

Perceiving motion from series of immobile pictures or light flashes

71
Q

Pragmatism

A

Philosophy that if something works well it’s true.

Heavily influenced the creation of functionalism

72
Q

First to use twin studies methodology

A

Francis Galton

73
Q

Supplication

A

Eliciting sympathy to create a positive impression.

74
Q

Normative Influences…

A

Conformity motivated by fear of social rejection

75
Q

Personal Fable

A

When a teen believes they are special/unique

76
Q

Adler’s theory of individual psychology

A

resulted from his disagreement with freud re; universal biological forces. Adler focused on the strive to superiority instead.

77
Q

Delirium vs Dementia

A

Delirium is temporary, dementia is permanent

78
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

Breastfeeding reflex where if baby’s cheek is touched they turn towards it and suckle

79
Q

Authoritarian Personality

A

Person who is unquestioning/obedient and submissive to external authority and in doing this oppresses out-groups

80
Q

Premack Principle

A

More probable behaviors will reinforce less probably behaviors

81
Q

Loftus creating false memories

A

25% of students remembered false events, and if they did they were usually quite confident in it

82
Q

Stats test for two continuous measures

A

t tests on the two means

83
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

The type of Glial Cell responsible for producing myelin sheaths

84
Q

Propinquity

A

proximity (being close to someone)

Psych GRE (11 decks)

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