People Flashcards
Notable People Throughout Psych History
Aronson + Linder
Proposers of The Gain-Loss Principle (a person’s opinion of someone else is more favorable if the other person’s opinion has become more favorable)
Asch
Studied conformity (The Asch Conformity Experiment of Social Pressure and comparing line lengths)
Bandura
Behaviorist theorist known for developing the social learning theory. Punishing bag and Bobo Doll (to study observational learning)
Clark + Clark
Studied African American Children doll preferences (finding young bias against POC). Results of studies used in 1954 Brown v. Board of Education
Darley and Latane
Proposed the two factors that lead to non-helping: social influence and diffusion of responsibility
Eagly
Suggested that gender differences were not due to gender, but due to differing social roles.
Festinger
Known for developing cognitive dissonance theory and social comparison theory
Janis
Known for developing concept of groupthink (i.e. how group decision-making sometimes can go awry)
Lerner
Proposed the concept of belief in a just world
Lewin
Proposed three categories for leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. Also developed field theory
McGuire
Studied how psychological inoculation resulted in people resisting persuasion
Milgram
Studied obedience via unethical electroshock studies. Also proposed stimulus-overload theory (to explain differences between city and country dwellers)
Newcomb
Studied political norms, known for his study at Bennington about the influence of group norms on political beliefs
Zimbardo
Performed the Stanford Prison Simulations and utilized concept of deindividuation to explain results
Chomsky
Linguist who suggested that children have a “Language Acquisition Device” which allows for an innate capacity to learn language.
Also distinguished the surface and deep structures of sentences and transformation rules that are used to transform sentences to have new meanings.
Freud
Outlines the 5 stages of psycho-sexual development. Emphasized importance of Oedipal complex in development.
Developed psychoanalysis and the psychodynamic approach to personality.
Locke
Philosopher who believed that human babies had no predetermined tendencies, that each child was a blank slate (tabulas rasa) which are influenced by experience.
Piaget
Outlined the four stages of cognitive development (sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, formal operational). Influenced the theories of Cognitive Structuralists.
Rousseau
Philosopher who suggested that a child could develop without help from society
Maslow
Phenomenological personality theorist known for The Maslow Hierarchy of Needs for self-actualization
Rogers
Phenomenological personality theorist known for his support of unconditional positive regard. He developed client-centered therapy which uses UPR as it’s mainstead
Skinner
Behaviorist who developed the principles of operant conditioning
Beck
Cognitive Behavioral Therapist known for his work with people with Depression
Dix
19th century advocate for USA asylum reform and treating people with MI like actual people.