Thigh- Diogo

Question 1

What consists primarily of the knee joint?

Answer 1

femur and tibia

Question 2

Which movement of the leg really corresponds to the embryology of the muscles?

Answer 2

leg muscles as the dorsal muscles are doing extension ????

Question 3

What is the 3 2 1 1 rule regarding cutaneous innervation of the lower limb?

Answer 3

Anterior thigh:

• lateral femoral cutaneous nerve from lumbar plexus
• femoral nerve
• obturator nerve

Anterior leg:

• superficial fibular nerve
• saphenous nerve

Posterior thigh:
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Posterior leg:
sural nerve

Question 4

The anterior muscle compartment is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 4

femoral nerve

Question 5

The posterior muscle compartment is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 5

sciatic nerve

Question 6

The medial muscle compartment is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 6

obturator nerve

Question 7

The tibial nerve and common fibular nerve at the level of the knee gives rise to which cutaneous nerve?

Answer 7

sural nerve

sural nerve is derived from both the common fibular and tibial nerve

Question 8

What are the posterior thigh muscles?

Answer 8

from medial to lateral

Question 9

The tibial branch of the sciatic nerve innervates what posterior thigh muscles?

Answer 9

• semitendinosus
• semimembranosus
• long head of the biceps femoris

Question 10

If the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and LONG head biceps femoris cross two joints (hip and knee joint), what are their movements?

Answer 10

They all originate from the ischial tuberosity and insert into:

• semitendinosus: medial surface of proximal tibia
• semimembranosus: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
• biceps femoris: head of the fibula

they are posterior muscles so flex the leg and extend the thigh

Question 11

What is the only function of the short head of the biceps femoris?

Answer 11

flexion of the leg as it only crosses the knee joint

origin: linea aspera
insertion: head of the fibula

Question 12

What nerve travels beside the sciatic nerve in the upper posterior thigh?

Answer 12

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Question 13

What is the saphenous nerve a terminal branch of?

Answer 13

femoral nerve

Question 14

What is . the artery and vein that were originally anterior and go through the popliteal fossa to become the popliteal artery and vein?

Answer 14

femoral artery and vein

Question 15

The 3 nerves that innervate the anterior thigh cutaneously come from what plexus?

Answer 15

lumbar plexus:

• lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: L2, L3
• femoral nerve: L2, L3, L4
• obturator nerve: L2, L3, L4

Question 16

The sciatic nerve does not innervate any skin at the thigh level, but at the leg level the sciatic nerve is innervating what two parts of the skin of the leg?

Answer 16

superficial fibular nerve: anterior lateral skin of leg

sural nerve: posterior skin of leg

Question 17

What are the anterior thigh muscles?

Answer 17

• sartorius
• rectus femoris
• vastus medialis
• vastus intermedialis
• vastus lateralis

Question 18

Are the anterior thigh muscles are ventral or dorsal muscle embryologically?

Answer 18

dorsal muscles

Question 19

What innervates the anterior muscle compartment of the thigh?

Answer 19

femoral nerve

Question 20

What are the movements of the sartorius muscle?

Answer 20

• flexion of thigh
• flexion of leg
• lateral rotation of femur (runs obliquely)

Question 21

What are the fours parts of the quadriceps?

Answer 21

• rectus femoris
• vastus medialis
• vastus intermedialis
• vastus lateralis

Question 22

What supplies the hamstring muscles of the thigh?

Answer 22

perforating arteries

from the deep femoral artery

Question 23

The quadriceps muscles of the thigh correspond to what muscle in the upper limb?

Answer 23

triceps brachii

Question 24

The rectus femoris in particular corresponds to what in the upper limb?

Answer 24

long head of the triceps (the only one that comes from shoulder (scapula)

Question 25

What are the two functions of rectus femoris?

Answer 25

- flexion of thigh | - extension of leg

Question 26

What is another term for quadriceps tendon?

Answer 26

``` patellar tendon (muscle to bone) ```

Question 27

What does the quadricep tendon become as you go inferiorly?

Answer 27

patellar ligament or quadratus ligament | bone to bone

Question 28

What are the medial muscles of the thigh from lateral to medial?

Answer 28

- pectineus - aductor longus - adductor brevis - adductor magnus - obturator externus - gracilis

Question 29

What is the main function of the medial muscles?

Answer 29

ADDUCTION OF THIGH

Question 30

What is the innervation of pectineus?

Answer 30

obturator and femoral nerve

Question 31

What is an additional functional of pectineus?

Answer 31

flexion of thigh in addition to adduction of thigh

Question 32

What muscle is the landmark for the division of the obturator nerve into its anterior and posterior branches?

Answer 32

adductor brevis

Question 33

What are the heads of adductor magnus?

Answer 33

- adductor head | - hamstring head

Question 34

What innervates adductor magnus?

Answer 34

- obturator nerve | - tibial branch of sciatic nerve

Question 35

What are the functions of adductor magnus?

Answer 35

- adduction of thigh | - extension of thigh

Question 36

What nerve passes the adductor hiatus (two heads of adductor magnus) and changes name?

Answer 36

femoral nerve to saphenous nerve

Question 37

What are the functions of gracilis?

Answer 37

- adduction of thigh | - flexion of leg only medial thigh muscle that goes to the leg

Question 38

Obturator externus will be deep to all the medial muscles and is on the anterior side of pelvis and will go to the posterior side (like obturator internus). What is the function of obturator internus?

Answer 38

- adduction of thigh | - lateral rotation of thigh

Question 39

What nerve innervates the obturator internus and externus?

Answer 39

nerve to obturator internus | obturator nerve

Question 40

What is the inguinal ligament a landmark for?

Answer 40

- external iliac artery giving rise to femoral artery | - iliacus and psoas major muscle fusing to become iliopsoas

Question 41

What is the innervation of iliacus and psoas major?

Answer 41

iliacus: femoral nerve | psoas major: lumbosacral plexus

Question 42

What is the function of iliacus and psoas major?

Answer 42

flexion of the femur

Question 43

What is the only reason why ilacus and psoas major should be called anterior muscles?

Answer 43

they do function of the thigh

Question 44

What is the femoral artery derived from?

Answer 44

abdominal aorta-->common iliac artery--> external iliac artery--> femoral artery

Question 45

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 45

lateral border: sartorius medial border: adductor longus superior border: inguinal ligament

Question 46

What goes through the femoral triangle?

Answer 46

femoral nerve, artery, vein, and lymph nodes (from lateral to medial)

Question 47

The femoral artery goes from the anterior to the posterior side through what?

Answer 47

adductor hiatus and changes names to popliteal artery

Question 48

What are the branches of the popliteal artery that will give rise to blood supply to the posterior muscles?

Answer 48

- superior medial genicular artery - superior lateral genicular artery - inferior medial genicular artery - inferior lateral genicular artery - anterior tibial artery--> dorsalis pedis artery-->arcuate artery - posterior tibial arterior--> medial and plantar arteries -->planter arch arteries

Question 49

The femoral artery after passing the inguinal ligament gives a branch to what?

Answer 49

deep femoral artery - medial and lateral circumflex arteries - perforating arteries