Thigh- Diogo Flashcards
What consists primarily of the knee joint?
femur and tibia
Which movement of the leg really corresponds to the embryology of the muscles?
leg muscles as the dorsal muscles are doing extension ????
What is the 3 2 1 1 rule regarding cutaneous innervation of the lower limb?
Anterior thigh:
- lateral femoral cutaneous nerve from lumbar plexus
- femoral nerve
- obturator nerve
Anterior leg:
- superficial fibular nerve
- saphenous nerve
Posterior thigh:
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Posterior leg:
sural nerve
The anterior muscle compartment is innervated by what nerve?
femoral nerve
The posterior muscle compartment is innervated by what nerve?
sciatic nerve
The medial muscle compartment is innervated by what nerve?
obturator nerve
The tibial nerve and common fibular nerve at the level of the knee gives rise to which cutaneous nerve?
sural nerve
sural nerve is derived from both the common fibular and tibial nerve
What are the posterior thigh muscles?
from medial to lateral
The tibial branch of the sciatic nerve innervates what posterior thigh muscles?
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- long head of the biceps femoris
If the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and LONG head biceps femoris cross two joints (hip and knee joint), what are their movements?
They all originate from the ischial tuberosity and insert into:
- semitendinosus: medial surface of proximal tibia
- semimembranosus: posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
- biceps femoris: head of the fibula
they are posterior muscles so flex the leg and extend the thigh
What is the only function of the short head of the biceps femoris?
flexion of the leg as it only crosses the knee joint
origin: linea aspera
insertion: head of the fibula
What nerve travels beside the sciatic nerve in the upper posterior thigh?
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
What is the saphenous nerve a terminal branch of?
femoral nerve
What is . the artery and vein that were originally anterior and go through the popliteal fossa to become the popliteal artery and vein?
femoral artery and vein
The 3 nerves that innervate the anterior thigh cutaneously come from what plexus?
lumbar plexus:
- lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: L2, L3
- femoral nerve: L2, L3, L4
- obturator nerve: L2, L3, L4
The sciatic nerve does not innervate any skin at the thigh level, but at the leg level the sciatic nerve is innervating what two parts of the skin of the leg?
superficial fibular nerve: anterior lateral skin of leg
sural nerve: posterior skin of leg
What are the anterior thigh muscles?
- sartorius
- rectus femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedialis
- vastus lateralis
Are the anterior thigh muscles are ventral or dorsal muscle embryologically?
dorsal muscles
What innervates the anterior muscle compartment of the thigh?
femoral nerve
What are the movements of the sartorius muscle?
- flexion of thigh
- flexion of leg
- lateral rotation of femur (runs obliquely)
What are the fours parts of the quadriceps?
- rectus femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedialis
- vastus lateralis
What supplies the hamstring muscles of the thigh?
perforating arteries
from the deep femoral artery
The quadriceps muscles of the thigh correspond to what muscle in the upper limb?
triceps brachii
The rectus femoris in particular corresponds to what in the upper limb?
long head of the triceps (the only one that comes from shoulder (scapula)
What are the two functions of rectus femoris?
- flexion of thigh
- extension of leg
What is another term for quadriceps tendon?
patellar tendon (muscle to bone)
What does the quadricep tendon become as you go inferiorly?
patellar ligament or quadratus ligament
bone to bone
What are the medial muscles of the thigh from lateral to medial?
- pectineus
- aductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- obturator externus
- gracilis
What is the main function of the medial muscles?
ADDUCTION OF THIGH
What is the innervation of pectineus?
obturator and femoral nerve
What is an additional functional of pectineus?
flexion of thigh in addition to adduction of thigh
What muscle is the landmark for the division of the obturator nerve into its anterior and posterior branches?
adductor brevis
What are the heads of adductor magnus?
- adductor head
- hamstring head
What innervates adductor magnus?
- obturator nerve
- tibial branch of sciatic nerve
What are the functions of adductor magnus?
- adduction of thigh
- extension of thigh
What nerve passes the adductor hiatus (two heads of adductor magnus) and changes name?
femoral nerve to saphenous nerve
What are the functions of gracilis?
- adduction of thigh
- flexion of leg only medial thigh muscle that goes to the leg
Obturator externus will be deep to all the medial muscles and is on the anterior side of pelvis and will go to the posterior side (like obturator internus). What is the function of obturator internus?
- adduction of thigh
- lateral rotation of thigh
What nerve innervates the obturator internus and externus?
nerve to obturator internus
obturator nerve
What is the inguinal ligament a landmark for?
- external iliac artery giving rise to femoral artery
- iliacus and psoas major muscle fusing to become iliopsoas
What is the innervation of iliacus and psoas major?
iliacus: femoral nerve
psoas major: lumbosacral plexus
What is the function of iliacus and psoas major?
flexion of the femur
What is the only reason why ilacus and psoas major should be called anterior muscles?
they do function of the thigh
What is the femoral artery derived from?
abdominal aorta–>common iliac artery–> external iliac artery–> femoral artery
What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
lateral border: sartorius
medial border: adductor longus
superior border: inguinal ligament
What goes through the femoral triangle?
femoral nerve, artery, vein, and lymph nodes (from lateral to medial)
The femoral artery goes from the anterior to the posterior side through what?
adductor hiatus and changes names to popliteal artery
What are the branches of the popliteal artery that will give rise to blood supply to the posterior muscles?
- superior medial genicular artery
- superior lateral genicular artery
- inferior medial genicular artery
- inferior lateral genicular artery
- anterior tibial artery–> dorsalis pedis artery–>arcuate artery
- posterior tibial arterior–> medial and plantar arteries –>planter arch arteries
The femoral artery after passing the inguinal ligament gives a branch to what?
deep femoral artery
- medial and lateral circumflex arteries
- perforating arteries
