Gluteal Region- Diogo Flashcards
What is the function of the lower limb?
to bear the weight of the upper body and provide for the walking gait
The major features of walking involved movements at what joints?
hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal joints
The coxal bone is a progressive fusion of which bones by cartilage?
pubis
ischium
ilium
The left, right coxal bones, and sacrum and coccyx are united by what joints?
1 pubic symphysis
2 sacroiliac joints
sacrococcygeal joint
What are the most commonly fractured parts of the bony pelvis?
superior and inferior pubic rami
especially for old people
What are the most commonly dislocated part of the bony pelvis?
pubic symphysis
What must be assumed until proven otherwise with pelvic fractures?
damaged bladder and urethra
high morbidity and mortality is associated with pelvic fractures because of attendant hemorrhagic shock and pelvic organ damage
Where is the fovea capitus located and which ligament and artery passes through it?
- on the head of femur
- ligament to the head of the femur houses the ligamentum teres artery which supplies the femoral head
What parts of the femur are most commonly fractured especially in the elderly?
femoral neck
-osteoporosis has a contribution to the genesis of this fracture
What are the palpable parts of the bony pelvis?
iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine (at S2 vertebral level), sacrum, ischial tuberosity, and greater trochanter of the femur
The hip joint is a synovial joint in which the lead of the femur articulates with what parts of the acetabulum?
- lunate surface
- acetabular labrum
What type of cartilage covers the head of the femur, the lunate surface of the acetabulum and the acetabular labrum?
hyaline cartilage for both head of the femur and the lunate surface of the acetabulum
fibrous cartilage for the acetabular labrum
What forms the greater sciatic notch?
Posterior inferior iliac spine and ischial spine
What two prominences form the lesser sciatic notch?
ischial spine and ischial tuberosity
What ligament enclose the greater sciatic foramen?
sacrospinous ligament
posterior sacroiliac ligament
What is Ischial bursitis?
Ischial bursitis, sometimes called ischiogluteal bursitis, is an inflammation of the fluid-filled sac, or bursa, that lies between the ischial tuberosity (the lower part of the V-shaped bone that helps form the pelvis) and the tendon that attaches the hamstring muscle to the bone.
What ligament enclose the lesser sciatic foramen?
sacrotuberous ligament
What foramen is the pudendal nerve coming out of and going into?
going out the greater sciatic foramen and into the lesser sciatic foramen towards the pubic region (SHAME)
Where does the obturator nerve and obturator artery pass through to go anteriorly?
obturator foramen
Which muscle attaches to the distal radius?
brachioradialis
The periphery of the acetabulum is called?
acetabular labrum
Ligament to the head of the femur originates from what ligament?
transverse acetabular ligament
What supplies the head of the femur?
artery in the ligament to the head of the femur
What are the ligaments that allow for attachment of the femur to the hip?
- pubofemoral ligament
- ischiofemoral ligament
- iliofemoral ligament
- iliopectineal bursa
An internal and external rotation of the thigh is synonymous to what movements of the thigh?
medial and lateral rotation of the thigh
What innervates the gluteus maximus?
inferior gluteal nerve
What is the function of the gluteus maximus?
- lateral rotation of the femur
- extension at the hip joint
What are the movement of the superior fibers of the gluteus maximus?
abduction as they are above the joint
What are the movement of the inferior fibers of the gluteus maximus?
adduction as they are below the joint
What are the 3 brother that are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fascia lata
What is the common function of the muscles innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?
they go to the anterior femur and do a medial rotation
What is the special function of the tensor fascia lata?
- flexion of the femur and it is parallel and anterior to the femur
- tension of the fascia lata to stabilize the leg
What is the additional function of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?
abduction of the femur as they are above the joint
What runs with the superion and inferior gluteal nerves?
superior and inferior gluteal arteries
What is the landmark for the superior and inferior gluteal nerves?
above the piriformis: superior gluteal nerve
below the piriformis: inferior gluteal nerve
Where is the superior gluteal nerve and artery located?
in between gluteus medius and gluteus mimimus as they innervate and supply them both
What is the artery that runs with the pudendal nerve?
INTERNAL pudendal artery
What runs medial to the sciatic nerve?
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
-innervates the skin of the posterior part of the thigh
What are the 3 cutaneous nerves for the anterior thigh, 2 cutaneous nerves for the anterior leg, 1 cutaneous nerve for the posterior thigh, and 1 cutaneous nerve for the posterior leg?
Anterior thigh:
- lateral femoral cutaneous nerve from lumbar plexus
- femoral nerve
- obturator nerve
Anterior leg:
- superficial fibular nerve
- saphenous nerve
Posterior thigh:
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Posterior leg:
sural nerve
What is the common function of piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, and inferior gemellus muscle?
lateral rotation of the femur as they run perpendicular to the femur and are posterior muscles
What is the additional function of the piriformis?
abduction of the femur as it runs obliquely and above the femur
What is the additional function of the quadratus femoris?
adduction of the femur as it runs slightly oblique and below the femur
What nerve innervates the superior gemelus and the obturator internus?
nerve to obturator internus
What nerve innervates the inferior gemelus and the quadratus femoris?
nerve to quadratus femoris
What nerve innervates the piriformis?
nerve to the piriformis
