Gluteal Region- Diogo

Question 1

What is the function of the lower limb?

Answer 1

to bear the weight of the upper body and provide for the walking gait

Question 2

The major features of walking involved movements at what joints?

Answer 2

hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal joints

Question 3

The coxal bone is a progressive fusion of which bones by cartilage?

Answer 3

pubis
ischium
ilium

Question 4

The left, right coxal bones, and sacrum and coccyx are united by what joints?

Answer 4

1 pubic symphysis
2 sacroiliac joints
sacrococcygeal joint

Question 5

What are the most commonly fractured parts of the bony pelvis?

Answer 5

superior and inferior pubic rami

especially for old people

Question 6

What are the most commonly dislocated part of the bony pelvis?

Answer 6

pubic symphysis

Question 7

What must be assumed until proven otherwise with pelvic fractures?

Answer 7

damaged bladder and urethra

high morbidity and mortality is associated with pelvic fractures because of attendant hemorrhagic shock and pelvic organ damage

Question 8

Where is the fovea capitus located and which ligament and artery passes through it?

Answer 8

• on the head of femur

- ligament to the head of the femur houses the ligamentum teres artery which supplies the femoral head

Question 9

What parts of the femur are most commonly fractured especially in the elderly?

Answer 9

femoral neck

-osteoporosis has a contribution to the genesis of this fracture

Question 10

What are the palpable parts of the bony pelvis?

Answer 10

iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine (at S2 vertebral level), sacrum, ischial tuberosity, and greater trochanter of the femur

Question 11

The hip joint is a synovial joint in which the lead of the femur articulates with what parts of the acetabulum?

Answer 11

• lunate surface

- acetabular labrum

Question 12

What type of cartilage covers the head of the femur, the lunate surface of the acetabulum and the acetabular labrum?

Answer 12

hyaline cartilage for both head of the femur and the lunate surface of the acetabulum

fibrous cartilage for the acetabular labrum

Question 13

What forms the greater sciatic notch?

Answer 13

Posterior inferior iliac spine and ischial spine

Question 14

What two prominences form the lesser sciatic notch?

Answer 14

ischial spine and ischial tuberosity

Question 15

What ligament enclose the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 15

sacrospinous ligament

posterior sacroiliac ligament

Question 16

What is Ischial bursitis?

Answer 16

Ischial bursitis, sometimes called ischiogluteal bursitis, is an inflammation of the fluid-filled sac, or bursa, that lies between the ischial tuberosity (the lower part of the V-shaped bone that helps form the pelvis) and the tendon that attaches the hamstring muscle to the bone.

Question 17

What ligament enclose the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 17

sacrotuberous ligament

Question 18

What foramen is the pudendal nerve coming out of and going into?

Answer 18

going out the greater sciatic foramen and into the lesser sciatic foramen towards the pubic region (SHAME)

Question 19

Where does the obturator nerve and obturator artery pass through to go anteriorly?

Answer 19

obturator foramen

Question 20

Which muscle attaches to the distal radius?

Answer 20

brachioradialis

Question 21

The periphery of the acetabulum is called?

Answer 21

acetabular labrum

Question 22

Ligament to the head of the femur originates from what ligament?

Answer 22

transverse acetabular ligament

Question 23

What supplies the head of the femur?

Answer 23

artery in the ligament to the head of the femur

Question 24

What are the ligaments that allow for attachment of the femur to the hip?

Answer 24

• pubofemoral ligament
• ischiofemoral ligament
• iliofemoral ligament
• iliopectineal bursa

Question 25

An internal and external rotation of the thigh is synonymous to what movements of the thigh?

Answer 25

medial and lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 26

What innervates the gluteus maximus?

Answer 26

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 27

What is the function of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 27

- lateral rotation of the femur | - extension at the hip joint

Question 28

What are the movement of the superior fibers of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 28

abduction as they are above the joint

Question 29

What are the movement of the inferior fibers of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 29

adduction as they are below the joint

Question 30

What are the 3 brother that are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 30

- gluteus medius - gluteus minimus - tensor fascia lata

Question 31

What is the common function of the muscles innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 31

they go to the anterior femur and do a medial rotation

Question 32

What is the special function of the tensor fascia lata?

Answer 32

- flexion of the femur and it is parallel and anterior to the femur - tension of the fascia lata to stabilize the leg

Question 33

What is the additional function of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

Answer 33

abduction of the femur as they are above the joint

Question 34

What runs with the superion and inferior gluteal nerves?

Answer 34

superior and inferior gluteal arteries

Question 35

What is the landmark for the superior and inferior gluteal nerves?

Answer 35

above the piriformis: superior gluteal nerve | below the piriformis: inferior gluteal nerve

Question 36

Where is the superior gluteal nerve and artery located?

Answer 36

in between gluteus medius and gluteus mimimus as they innervate and supply them both

Question 37

What is the artery that runs with the pudendal nerve?

Answer 37

INTERNAL pudendal artery

Question 38

What runs medial to the sciatic nerve?

Answer 38

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve -innervates the skin of the posterior part of the thigh

Question 39

What are the 3 cutaneous nerves for the anterior thigh, 2 cutaneous nerves for the anterior leg, 1 cutaneous nerve for the posterior thigh, and 1 cutaneous nerve for the posterior leg?

Answer 39

Anterior thigh: - lateral femoral cutaneous nerve from lumbar plexus - femoral nerve - obturator nerve Anterior leg: - superficial fibular nerve - saphenous nerve Posterior thigh: posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Posterior leg: sural nerve

Question 40

What is the common function of piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, and inferior gemellus muscle?

Answer 40

lateral rotation of the femur as they run perpendicular to the femur and are posterior muscles

Question 41

What is the additional function of the piriformis?

Answer 41

abduction of the femur as it runs obliquely and above the femur

Question 42

What is the additional function of the quadratus femoris?

Answer 42

adduction of the femur as it runs slightly oblique and below the femur

Question 43

What nerve innervates the superior gemelus and the obturator internus?

Answer 43

nerve to obturator internus

Question 44

What nerve innervates the inferior gemelus and the quadratus femoris?

Answer 44

nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 45

What nerve innervates the piriformis?

Answer 45

nerve to the piriformis