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Musculoeskelatal > Thigh and Popliteal Fossa > Flashcards

Thigh and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Long bone of femur

A

Longest bone in the body; very strong

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2
Q

Head of femur

A

Point of articulation with acetabulum of coxal bone

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3
Q

Neck of femur

A

Common fracture site

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4
Q

Greater trochanter

A

Attachment site for several gluteal muscles; point of hip

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5
Q

Lesser trochanter

A

Attachment site of iliopsoas tendon

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6
Q

Distal Condyles

A

Medial and lateral (smaller) sites that articulate with tibial condyles

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7
Q

Patella

A

Sesamoid bone embedded in quadriceps femoris tendon

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8
Q

Proximal and distal joints of femur

A

Proximal: coxo-femoral

Distal

  • patellofemoral
  • tibiofemoral
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9
Q

Proximal ligaments of femur (6)

A
  1. Iliofemoral
  2. Pubofemoral
  3. Ischiofemoral
  4. Acetabular labrum
  5. Transverse acetabular
  6. Ligament of head of femur
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10
Q

Distal ligaments of femur (4)

A
  1. Iliotibial track
  2. Fibular collateral
  3. Tibial collateral
  4. Pas anserinus
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11
Q

Muscles compartments of thigh (3)

A

Anterior (extensor) compartment
Medial (adductor) compartment
Posterior (flexor) compartment

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12
Q

Quadriceps Femoris

A

Attaches to the patella by the quadriceps femoris tendon and to the tibia by the patellar ligament.

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13
Q

Muscles of anterior compartment

A

Are primarily extensors of the leg at the knee:
- Two can secondarily flex the hip (sartorius and rectus femoris).
- Are innervated by the femoral nerve.
- Are supplied by the femoral artery and deep femoral artery of
the thigh.

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14
Q

Trajectory of psoas major and iliacus muscle

A

Pass from the posterior abdominal wall to the anterior thigh by passing deep to the inguinal ligament to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

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15
Q

Powerful flexors of hip joint (2)

A

Psoas major and Iliacus

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16
Q

Psoas major

A

Origin: Sides of T12–L5 vertebrae and discs between them; transverse
processes of all lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur

Nerve: Ventral rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)

Fx: Acts jointly with iliacus in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing hip joint

17
Q

Iliacus

A

Origin: Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments

Insertion: Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter, and femur

Nerve: Femoral nerve

Fx: Acts jointly with psoas major in flexing thigh at hip joint and in stabilizing hip joint

18
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine and superior part of notch inferior to it

Insertion: Superior part of medial surface of tibia

Nerve: Femoral nerve

Fx: Flexes, ABducts, and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint; flexes knee joint

19
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum
Insertion: Base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Nerve: femoral nerve
Fx: Extends leg at knee joint, steadies hip joint and, helps iliopsoas to flex thigh at hip

20
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: Base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Nerve: femoral nerve
Fx: Extends leg at knee

21
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line and medial hip of linea aspera of femur
Insertion: Base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Nerve: femoral nerve
Fx: Extends leg at knee

22
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin: Anterior and lateral surface of femoral shaft
Insertion: Base of patella and by patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Nerve: femoral nerve
Fx: Extends leg at knee

23
Q

Femoral triangle location and boundaries

A

Located on the anterosuperior aspect of the thigh:

  • Inguinal ligament: forms the base of the triangle.
  • Sartorius muscle: forms the lateral boundary.
  • Adductor longus muscle: forms the medial boundary.
24
Q

Femoral vessels course through this canal and become the popliteal vessels posterior to the knee.

A

Adductor (Hunter’s) Canal

25
Q

Content of femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve and vessels as they pass beneath the inguinal ligament and gain access to the anterior thigh.

26
Q

Femoral canal and ring

A

Canal: most medial portion of the femoral sheath
Ring: lymphatics drain through here to the external iliac lymph nodes.

27
Q

Weak point and the site for femoral hernias.

A

Femoral ring and canal

28
Q

Medial Compartment Thigh Muscles,

A
  • Are primarily adductors of the thigh at the hip.
  • Most can secondarily flex and/or rotate the thigh.
  • Are largely innervated by the obturator nerve.
  • Are supplied by the obturator artery and deep (femoral) artery of the thigh.
29
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: Superior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
Nerve: Femoral nerve; may receive branch from obturator nerve
Fx: Adducts and flexes hip joint; assists with medial rotation of thigh

30
Q

ADductor longus

A

Origin: Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
Insertion: Middle third of linea aspera of femur
Fx: Adducts hip joint
Nerve: Obturator nerve

31
Q

ADuctor brevis

A

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
Nerve: Obturator nerve
Fx: Adducts thigh at hip and, flexes it

32
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Origin:

  • Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
  • Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

  • Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
  • Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur

Nerve:

  • Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
  • Hamstring part: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)

Fx: Adducts thigh at hip; the adductor part also flexes the thigh at hip and the hamstring part extends it

33
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Superior part of medial surface of tibia
Nerve: Obturator nerve (L2, L3)
Fx: Adducts thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee and helps rotate it medially

34
Q

Obturator externus

A

Origin: Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of femur
Nerve: Obturator nerve (L3, L4)
Fx: Rotates thigh laterally at hip; steadies femoral head in acetabulum

35
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of superior part of tibia
Nerve: Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Fx: Extends thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee and rotates it medially; with flexed hip and knee, extends trunk

36
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
Nerve: Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Fx: Extends thigh at hip; flexes leg at knee and rotates it medially; with flexed hip and knee, extends trunk

37
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Origin:

  • Long head: ischial tuberosity
  • Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur

Insertion: Lateral side of fibula; tendon at this site split by fibular collateral ligament of knee

Nerve:

  • Long head: Tibial division of sciatic nerve
  • Short head: Common fibular division of sciatic nerve

Fx: Flexes leg at knee and rotates it laterally; extends thigh at hip

Musculoeskelatal (6 decks)

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