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Musculoeskelatal > Forearm and Wrist > Flashcards

Forearm and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm are
arranged in two layers, with the muscles of the superficial layer
largely arising from ________.

A

Medial epicondyle

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2
Q

What is the function of the muscles from the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Primarily flexors of the hand at the wrist and/or

finger flexors

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3
Q

Which arteries supply the anterior forearm?

A

Radial + Ulnar arteries

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4
Q

Innervates all muscles of the anterior forearm except the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitrorum profundus

A

Median Nerve

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5
Q

Which two muscles of the anterior forearm are not innervated by the median nerve?

Which nerve supplies them?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris + Flexor digitorum profundus

Ulnar nerve

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6
Q

Attachment and function of Pronator Teres

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Medial lateral surface of radius
Function: pronates forearm and flexes elbow

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7
Q

Attachment and function of Flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal bone
Function: flexes hand at wrist and abduct it

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8
Q

Attachment and function of Palmaris longus

A

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: distal half of flexor reticunaculum
Function: flexes hand at wrist and tightens palmar aponeurosis

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9
Q

Attachment and function of Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin

  • Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior ulna

Insertion: pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, and 5th metacarpal bone

Function: flexes hand at wrist and ADDucts it

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10
Q

Attachment and function of Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Origin

  • Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna
  • Radial head: superior half of anterior radius

Insertion: body of middle phalanges of medial four digits

Function: flexes distal phalanges of medial four digits, weakly flexes proximal phalanges, forearm and wrist.

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11
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

A

Origin: Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits

Fx: Flexes distal phalanges of medial four digits; assists with wrist flexion

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12
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Origin: Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Fx: Flexes phalanges of 1st digit

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13
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Origin: Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
Fx: Pronates arm and forearm

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14
Q

Muscles from posterior compartment of forearm (10)

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor digitorum minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris 
Supinator 
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis

Primarily extensors of the hand at the wrist and/or finger extensors; arise mostly from lateral epicondyle of humerus and are innervated by radial nerve

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15
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Origin: Proximal two thirds of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
Fx: Flexes mid-pronated forearm at elbow

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16
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal bone
Fx: Extends and abducts hand at wrist

17
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of 3rd metacarpal
Fx: Extends and abducts hand at wrist

18
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Extensor expansions of medial four fingers
Fx: Extends medial four digits at MCP joints; extends hand at wrist joint

19
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Extensor expansion of 5th finger
Fx: Extends 5th digit at MCP and IP joints

20
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal bone
Fx: Extends and addcuts hand at wrist

21
Q

Supinator

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
Insertion: Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
Fx: Supinates forearm and rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly

22
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Origin: Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal
Fx: Abducts the thumb and extends it at CMC joint

23
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Origin: Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Fx: extends distal phalanx of thumb at MCP and IP joints

24
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
Fx: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at CMC joint

25
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Origin: Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Extensor expansion of 2nd finger
Fx: Extends 2nd digit and helps to extend hand at wrist

26
Q

Monteggia fracture

A

Fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the proximal radio-ulnar joint

27
Q

Galeazzi fracture

A

Fracture of distal radius with distal radio-ulnar joint dislocation

28
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

Formed by the arching alignment of the carpal bones and the thick flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament), which covers the tunnel on its anterior surface.

29
Q

Structures passing through the carpal tunnel

A
  • Four flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
  • Four flexor digitorum profundus tendons
  • One flexor pollicis longus tendo
  • Median nerve
30
Q

Extensor retinaculum

A

Segregates tendons into 6 compartment

31
Q

Median Nerve Compression and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Most common compression neuropathy, is often linked to occupational repetitive movements related to wrist flexion and extension, holding the wrist in an awkward position, or strong gripping of objects.

Long-term compression often leads to thenar atrophy and weakness of the thumb and index fingers.

Musculoeskelatal (6 decks)

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