Thigh and hip Anatomy Flashcards
branches of femoral artery
CFA - - SFA – profunda femoris and lateral circumflex
profunda femoris - medial circumflex
what muscles attach onto the lesser trochanter
psoas major
iliacus
where does psoas mjor originate
deep - transverse process L1-4
superfcial - lateral surfaces of T12-L4
action of psoas major
flexes and externally rotates the hip
describe the blood supply to the head of the femur
majorirty of the blood supply from the retinacular arteries arise as extracapsular anastomsis as ascedning cervical arteries
anastomosis: medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries
(minor contribution from superior and inferior gluteal)
also supply from the ligamentum teres (branch of obturator)
Quadricep muscles
vastus lateralis
Origin: IT, GT, linea aspera
Insertin: lateral patella
Innervation: femoral
Vastus medialis
origin: IT, linea aspera, supracondylar line
insertion: medial patella
innervation: patella
Vastus intermedius
origin: proximal anterior femoral shaft
insertion: patella
innervation: femoral
Rectus femoris
origin: straight head = AIIS, reflected head = acetablular rim
insertion: patella and tibial tubercle
innervation: femoral
Hamstrings
Long Head Biceps Femoris
Origin: medial ischial tuberosity
Insertion: fibula head/lateral tibia
innervation: tibial
Short Head Biceps Femoris
origin: lateral linea aspera/intermuscular septum
insertion: lateral tibial condyle
innervation: peroneal
Semitendinous
origin: distal medial tuberosity
insertion: anterior tibial crest
innervation: tibial
Semimembranous
origin: proximal lateral isichial tuberosity
insertion: oblique popliteal ligatment, posterior capsule, posterior/medial tibia, popliteus, medial menscuc
innervation: tibial
Action of the hamstrings
all three flex the leg at the knee and extend the thigh at the hip
biceps - lateral rotation hip and knee
semitendinous/membranous - medial rotation at hip and knee
structures at risk in supracondylar fracture of femur
popliteal vessels
sciatic/tibial nerve/peroneal nerve
specifically popliteal artery as this is the deepest structure in the popliteal fossa
Boundaries Popliteal Fossa
lateral: bicep femoris tendon and lateral gastroc and plantaris
medial: semimembrnous and semitendinous tendons, medial gastroc
floor: femus, posterior ligament, popliteus
roof: deep and superficial fascia
contents of popliteal fossa
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve
common peroneal nerve
lymph nodes
small saphenous vein
posterior cutaneous nerve thigh
genicular branches of obturator
differentials for lump in popliteal fossa
baker;s cyst
popliteal artery aneurysm
lipoma
schwanoma
popliteal vein varicosities
boundaries femoral triangle
superiorly: inguinal ligament
laterally: sartorius
medially: adductor longus
floor: iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus
roof: fascia lata, superficial fascia, superficial inguinal nodes, long saphenous vein
contents of femoral canal
femoral branch of genitofemoral nere
laterla cutaneous nerve
great saphenous vein
deep and superficial inguinal lymph nodes
femoral nerve
femoral artery at mid-inguinal point
femoral vein
what is hunter’s canal
aka subsartorial canal or adductor canal
runs from apex of femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa
boundaries of adductor canal
lateral: vastus medialis
posterior: adductor longus and magnus
roof: sartorius
contents adductor canal
saphenous nerve
superficial femorl arery
superficial femoral vein (posterior to artery)
nerve to vastus medialis
surface marking of adductor hiatus
2/3 of the was along the line between ASIS and adductor tubercle fo femur
surface marking of the femoral artery
mid inguinal oint
halfway between ASIS and pubic symphysis
what is the vascular lacuna
compartment beneath the inguinal ligament which allows passage of the femoral vessels and lymph
medial to muscular lacuna
what is the muscular lacuna
lateral compartment of the thigh inferior to the inguinal ligament, seperated from vascular lacunar by the iliopectineal arch
contents of the vascular lacuna
deep inguinal nodes
femoral vein
femoral artery
femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
contents of muscular lacuna
femoral nerve
ilipsoas
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
what nerve supplies the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
tibial nerve supplies both the superficial and deep posterior compartments
anterior compartment lower leg
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallicus longus
peroneus tertius
anterior tibial artery
deep peroneal nerve
lateral compartment lower leg
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
superficial peroneal nerve
peroneal artery
superficial posterior compartment
gastrocnenius
soleus
plataris
tibial nerve
posterior tibital artery
deep posterior compartment lower leg
popliteus
flexor hallicus longs
flexo digitorum longus
tibialis posterior
posterior tibial partery
tibial nerve
what nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
deep peroneal
Tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexion and inversion
tibialis posterio action
plantarflexion and inversion
peroneus longus action
eversion and abduction
peroneus brevis action
eversion
action of superficial posterior compartment lower leg
plantar flexion
how would you recognise compartment syndrome in the lower leg?
compartment syndrome is an emergency that presents with pain out of proportion to the injury sustained, in someone with a swollen leg, particularly acute on passive stretching of the ankle, There may be paraesthesia, pulselessness and paralysis but these are late signs of impending limb necrosis
Tibialis anterior
origin: lateral tibia
insertion: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
action: dorsiflex and invert
innervatinm: deep peroneal
Extensor hallicus longus
origin: mid-fibula
insertion: distal phalynx great toe
innervation: deep peroneal
actin: dorsiflexion and extension of the great toe
extensor digitorum longus
origin: tibial condyle/fibula
insertion: distal phalanges
innervation: deep peroneal
action: dorsiflexion and extension of the toes
peroneus tertius
origin: fibula and EDL tendon
insertion: fifth metatarsal
action: eversion, dorsiflexion, abduction
innervation: deep peroneal
peroneus longus
origin: proximal fibula
insertion: 1st metatarsal, medial cuneiform
action: eversion, planatrflexin, abduction
innervation: superficial peroneal
peroneus brevis
origin: distal fibula
insertion: 5th metatarsal tuberosity
action: eversion
superficial peroneal nerve
gastrocnemius
origin: posterior femoral condyles
insertion: calcaneus
plantarflexion
tibial nerve
plantaris
origin: lateral femoral condyle
insertion: calcaneous
platarflexion
tibial nerve
soleus
origin: fibula/tibia
insertion: calcaneus
plantarflexion
tibial nerve
popliteus
origin: lateral femoral condyle
insertion: proximal tibia
action: flex and internally rotate knee
tibial nerve
flexor hallicus longus
origin: fibula
insertion: great toe, distal phalynx
action: planterflex great toe
innervetion: tibial nerve
flexor digitorum longus
origin: tibia
insertion: 2nd to 5th toes disyal phalanges
planterflexion foot and toes
tibial nerve
Tibialis posterior
origin: tibia, fibula, IO embrane
insertion: navicular, medial ceuneiform
action: inversion, plantarflexion
innervation: tibial nerve
