Lungs and Diaphragm Anatomy Flashcards
Innervation to parietal pleura
intercostal to costal part
phrenic to diaphragmatic and mediastinal parts
Innervation of visceral pleura
autonomic
contents of lung root
Pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins
Main bronchus
Bronchial vessels
Pulmonary nerve plexus
Lymphatics
Orientation at the hilum
artery superior
veins inferior
bronchus posterior
Relevance of bronchopulmonary segments
smallest functionally independent lung units
each segment has its own blood supply and segmental bronchus.
Can resect one without effecting the function of the rest of the lung
What is the lingular
left lung
cuff of lung tissue that overlies the indentation made by the heart
Where does the trachea bifurcate
T4/5
what is the trachea made of
hyaline cartilage
15-20 c-shaped
level of cricoid carticlage
c6
length of the trachea
10cm
c6 to t4/5
where does the pulmonary truk bifurcate
t4/5
into right and left pulmonary arteries
where do bronchial arteries orginate
thoracic aorta
where do bronchial veins drain to
azygos or pulmonary veins
lymph drainage of the lung
bronchopulomary nodes at hilum
to bronchotracheal nodes around carina
then to broncho mediastinal nodes
what are the accessory respiratory muscles
external intercostals, scalene, sternocleidomastoid
what does the diaphragm originate from
crura and arcuate ligaments
right crus - l1-3
left crus - L1/2
median arcuate ligement - psoas major fascia
lateral arcuate ligament - quadratus lumborum fascia
blood supply to diaphragm
branches of the internal thoracic artery (musculophrenic) and aorta
(superior and inferior phrenic, intercostals)
majority is inferior phrenic
right crus and oesophagus
oesophagus at T10
some fibres wrap around oesophagus acting as sphincter
crura are tendinous
central tendon
right and left muscle fibres of diaphrgam meet and fuse with pericardium
paralysis of diaphragm
interruption of nerve supply
brainstem, spinal cord, phrenic erve
c3,4,5,
normally phrenic nerve injury
- Mechanical trauma: ligation or damage to the nerve during surgery.
- Compression: due to a tumour within the chest cavity.
- Myopathies: such as myasthenia gravis.
- Neuropathies: such diabetic neuropathy.
path of phrenic nerve
c3,4,5
through superior thoracic aperture
anterior to the lung roots
vagus nerve and lung root
vagus is posterior and gives off RCLN
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
bochdalek - posterior/left. most common
morgagni - rare foramen of morgagni - costal cartilage and xiphoid junction. right sided.
acquired diaphragmatic hernia
sliding - oesophagogastric junction slides up into the thorax
rolling - part of the stomach is in the thorax but junction remains in the abdomen
