Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Layers
Skin
Subcutaneous fat
Camper’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus
Transversalis fascia
Pre-peritoneal fat
Peritoneum
External Oblique
Downwards and forwards
Lower 8 ribs to pubic tubercle, iliac cresr, linea alba
Forms inguinal ligament
Internal Oblique
Upwards and forwards
Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Inferior 4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest
Transversus Abdominus
Runs transversely
Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lower 6 costal cartilages
Linea alba, pubi crest
Rectus Abdominis
5,6,7 costal cartilages
Pubic crest, tibercle, symphysis
Linea semilunaris
lateral border of rectus
Rectus Sheath
Above arcuate line: anterior - external oblique and half of internal oblique
posterior - half of internal oblique and transversus abdominus aponeurosis
Below arcuate line:
anterior - aponeurosis of all three muscles
posterior - No sheath, transversalis fascia
contains superior and inferior epigastric vessels
Quadratus lumborum
Iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest, transverse process L5
L1-4 and 12th rib
Psoas Major
transverse process lumbar vertebrae, vertebral bodies T15-L5
Lesser trochanter
Iliacus
Iliac fossa, sacroilac and iliolumbar ligamaments, sacrum
Lesser trochanter
Blood supply
Aorta - inferior phrenic, lumbar, intercostal, subcostal
Internal thoracic - superior epigastric
External iliac - inferior epigastric, deel circumflex
What is the inguinal canal
passage taken by the testes and cord during development from abdomen to scrotum
4cm long. passing deep to superficial ring
contains spermatic cord/round ligmanet and ilio inguinal nerve
Walls of inguinal canal
Anterior: external oblique (internal oblique laterally)
Posterior: transversalis fascia (conjoint tendon medially = int ob and trans)
Superior: internal oblique
Inferior: Inguinal ligament
Rule of threes spermatic cord
layers: external spermatic fascia (external oblique aponeurosis), cremasteric fascia (internal oblique aponeurosis), internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)
Arteries: testicular artery, cremasteric artery, artery to vas
Nerves: genito-femoral, sympathetic, ilioinguinal
Others: Vas deferens/round ligament, pampiniform plexus, lymphatics
origin of external oblique
outer surfaces of lower 8 ribs
insertion of external oblique
anterio 2/3 of iliac crest
linea alba
pubic tubercle
pubuc crest
ASIS
nerve supply external oblique
ventral rami of the lower 6 thoracic nerves T7-12
actions of the external oblique
contains abdomianl viscera
, can contract to raise intra-abdominal pressure. larteral flexion
origin of internal oblique
thoracolumbar fascia
anterio 2/23 iliac crest
lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament
insertion of internal oblique
lower 3 ribs , conjoint tendon, pubic crest, linea alba
nerve supply internal oblique
lower 6 thoracic nerves - T7-12
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal
Boundaries of inguinal canal
MALT
roof - muscles
- internal oblique
- transversus abdominis
Anterior - aponeurosis
external and internal oblique aponeurosis
Floor - Ligaments
- inguinal and lacunar
Posterior - 2 Ts
- conjoint tendon and transversalis fascia
Lateral - internal ring
medial - external ring and conjoint tendon
