Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Layers

Answer 1

Skin
Subcutaneous fat
Camper’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus
Transversalis fascia
Pre-peritoneal fat
Peritoneum

Question 2

External Oblique

Answer 2

Downwards and forwards
Lower 8 ribs to pubic tubercle, iliac cresr, linea alba
Forms inguinal ligament

Question 3

Internal Oblique

Answer 3

Upwards and forwards
Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
Inferior 4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest

Question 4

Transversus Abdominus

Answer 4

Runs transversely
Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lower 6 costal cartilages
Linea alba, pubi crest

Question 5

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 5

5,6,7 costal cartilages
Pubic crest, tibercle, symphysis

Question 6

Linea semilunaris

Answer 6

lateral border of rectus

Question 7

Rectus Sheath

Answer 7

Above arcuate line: anterior - external oblique and half of internal oblique
posterior - half of internal oblique and transversus abdominus aponeurosis

Below arcuate line:
anterior - aponeurosis of all three muscles
posterior - No sheath, transversalis fascia

contains superior and inferior epigastric vessels

Question 8

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 8

Iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest, transverse process L5
L1-4 and 12th rib

Question 9

Psoas Major

Answer 9

transverse process lumbar vertebrae, vertebral bodies T15-L5
Lesser trochanter

Question 10

Iliacus

Answer 10

Iliac fossa, sacroilac and iliolumbar ligamaments, sacrum
Lesser trochanter

Question 11

Blood supply

Answer 11

Aorta - inferior phrenic, lumbar, intercostal, subcostal

Internal thoracic - superior epigastric

External iliac - inferior epigastric, deel circumflex

Question 12

What is the inguinal canal

Answer 12

passage taken by the testes and cord during development from abdomen to scrotum

4cm long. passing deep to superficial ring

contains spermatic cord/round ligmanet and ilio inguinal nerve

Question 13

Walls of inguinal canal

Answer 13

Anterior: external oblique (internal oblique laterally)

Posterior: transversalis fascia (conjoint tendon medially = int ob and trans)

Superior: internal oblique

Inferior: Inguinal ligament

Question 14

Rule of threes spermatic cord

Answer 14

layers: external spermatic fascia (external oblique aponeurosis), cremasteric fascia (internal oblique aponeurosis), internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)

Arteries: testicular artery, cremasteric artery, artery to vas

Nerves: genito-femoral, sympathetic, ilioinguinal

Others: Vas deferens/round ligament, pampiniform plexus, lymphatics