Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards
Pericardium
outer fibrous layer fuses with the walls of the great vessels
inner serous layer = parietal and visceral layers wit pericardial fluid between
Blood supply from pericardiophrenic branches of internal thoracic artery
Nerve supply from phrenic nerve
Right atrium structures
Sulcus terminalis - vertical groove on outer aspect of the RA
Crista terminalis - muscular ridge inner aspect of RA seperating smooth surface and muscular pectinati
Fossa ovalis - depression in atrial septum
Right ventricle structures
Chordae tendinae - attached to the edges of the valve cusps and attached to papillary wall muscles
Trabeculae carnae - muscular bundles within the walls
MOderator band - right branch of the AV bundle
Right coronary artery
SAN in 60%
Arises from aortic sinus
Branches: marginal and posterior interventricular branch
Left coronary artery
SAN in 40%
Arises from aortic sinus
Branches: anterior inter-ventricular branch, posterior interventricular branch
Venous drainage
accompnay coronary arteries
drain into RA via coronary sinus
venae cordis minimi - small veins draining directly into RA
Branches of ascending aorta
left and right coronary arteries
Branches of aortic arch
Brachiocephalic: bifurcates into right subclavian and right common carotid posterior to right sternoclavicular joint
Left common carotid
Left subclavian
Thyroid ima
Branches of descending thoracic aorta
Oesophageal
Bronchial
Mediastinal
Posterior intercostal
Subcostal
Branches of abdominal aorta
inferior phrenic
coeliac
superior mesenteric
middle suprarenal
renal
gonadal
lumbar
inferior mesenteric
medial sacral
common iliac
anterior relations of abdominal aorta
coeliac trunk and branches
body of pancreas
SMA
3rd part duodenum
root of mesentry
spenic vein
left renal vein
surface markings transpyloric plane
half way between jugular notch and upper pubic symphysis
types of aneurysm
true - saccular or fusiform
false
dissection
definition of a false vs true aneurysm
A true aneurysm involves all three layers of the arterial wall bulging outwards, while a false aneurysm, also known as a pseudoaneurysm, is a collection of blood contained by the surrounding tissue, typically after an injury to the vessel wall.
pathogenesis of aneurysms
true: Cystic medial necrosis (CMN) is a condition where the wall of large arteries, particularly the aorta, is weakened due to degeneration of the elastic and muscle tissue within the artery’s middle layer (the media). This weakening can lead to the formation of aneurysms, dissections, and ruptures.
false: injury to sessel wall
dissecting aeurysm
seperation of the layers of the vessel wall with propagation proximally and distally
complications of a dissecting aneurysm
haemorrhage if rupture
ascending aorta - MI
Arch aorta - stroke
branches of coeliac trunk
left gastric
common hepatic
- right gastric
- gastroduodenal
- hepatic proper
splenic
- pancreatic
- short gastric
- gastroepipoic
anterior relations of renal vein
right - duodenum
left - SMA, pancreas, splenic vein
right border of the heart
right atrium
left border of the heart
left ventricle
inferior border of the heart
right ventricle
anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery
LAD
what vein is next to LAD
great cardiac vein
