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Anatomy exam 6 > Thigh > Flashcards

Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Femur

A
  • longest and heaviest bone (1/4 of a persons height)
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2
Q

Define Angle of Inclination

A
  • head of femur is connected to the shaft of the femur at 126 degree angle
  • Angle WIDEST at birth (140 degrees) and diminishes with age (narrowest in old age, 110)
  • Angle is less in females than males because females have wider hips
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3
Q

Femoral branch of genitofemoral

A

L1, L2

- supply skin over FEMORAL TRIANGLE (proximal part of the anterior thigh)

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4
Q

Medial cutaneous branch of femoral

A
  • supply skin of MEDIAL THIGH
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5
Q

Intermediate cutaneous branch of femoral

A

supply the skin of the DISTAL ANTERIOR THIGH

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6
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

L2, L3

  • Enters the thigh medial to ASIS
  • Supply LATERAL THIGH, lateral to the intermediate cutaneous branch of the femoral
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7
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

S1, S2, S3

  • Supplies POSTERIOR THIGH and POPLITEAL region
  • originate from sacral plexus
  • Courses inferiorly into the thigh from the gluteal region
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8
Q

Superficial epigrastric a

A
  • branch of femoral a

- proceed superiorly to provide the skin over the LOWER ABDOMINAL WALL

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9
Q

Superficial circumflex iliac artery

A
  • Branch of femoral a
  • Profeeds laterally inferior to the inguinal ligament
  • parallels the course of the DEEP CIRCUMFLEX iliac a
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10
Q

Great saphenous vein

A
  • begins at foot and ascends to its termination Femoral vein
  • located in superficial fascia
  • has valves
  • Enters thigh by passing posterior to medial condyl of femur
  • receives numerous tributaries in the thigh and legs
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11
Q

Fascia Lata

A

DEEP FASCIA

  • prevents bulging of muscles
  • dense layer of CT between muscles of thigh and superficial fascia
  • Forms the ILIOTIBIAL TRACT (BAND) = lateral thickening of the fascia
  • provides INTERMUSCULAR SEPTA to divide thigh into compartments
  • All septa attached to LINEA ASPERA
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12
Q

What are the attachments of Fascia lata

A

Superiorly attached:
- Inguinal ligament
- parts of hip bone
- sacrum and coccyx
- Scarpas fascia and sacrotruberous ligamen
Inferiorly continous with crural fascia (below knee)

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13
Q

Contents of femoral triangle

A
  • triangular space in proximal part of anterior compartment
  • Femoral artery/vein/nerve + branches
  • lymphatic vessels and nodes
  • Femoral Sheath (femoral shaped fascial tube)
  • Femoral hernias - usually originate at femoral ring
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14
Q

boundaries of Adductors canal

A
  • 15cm long canal that extends from apex of femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus muscle
  • Anteromedial = SARTORIUS
  • LATERAL = VASTUS MEDIALIS
  • POSTERIOR = ADDUCTOR LONGUS and magnus
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15
Q

What are the contents of ADDUCTORS CANAL

A
  • femoral artery and vein
  • Saphenous nerve
  • nerve to vastus medialis
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16
Q

FEMORAL NERVE

A

L2, L3. L4 - largest branch of lumbar plexus

  • travels deep to inguinal ligament to enter femoral traingle
  • NOT ENCLOSED by femoral sheath
  • Lies lateral to femoral artery
  • Breaks into sensory and motor branches while still in triangle
17
Q

Sensory branches of Femoral nerve

A
  • Medial femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve
  • saphenous nerve (travels through adductor canal and it leaves canal at its lower end to innervate skin of leg and foot)
18
Q

Motor branches of femoral nerve supply what muscles?

A
  • Sartorius
  • quadrecepts femoris
  • articularis genu
  • pectineus (also gets a branch from obturator nerve)
19
Q

Obturator nerve

A

Divides into anterior and posterior division in the obturator foramen

  • ANTERIOR DIVISION = located between adductor longus and brevis
  • -> supplies adductor longus, gravilis, adductor brevis and part of pectineus
  • POSTERIOR DIVISION = located between adductor brevis and magnus
  • -> supplies obturator externus, adductor brevis and adductor magnus
20
Q

Describe the cruciate anastomosis

A
  • 1st perforating artery
  • Medial, lateral femoral circumflex artery
  • inferior gluteal arteries
21
Q

What does obturator artery branch off of?

A

Branch of internal iliac artery

22
Q

Popliteal fossa boundaries

A

Fat filled - diamond space at back of knee
BOUNDARIES:
- inferomedial and inferolateral = gastrocnemius muscle
- superolateral = bicep femoris
- superomedial = semimembranosus tendon
- floor = popliteal surface of femur and posterior knee ligament

23
Q

Contents of Popliteal fossa

A
  • termination of small saphenous vein
  • popliteal vessels + branches
  • tibial and common peroneal nerves
  • posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
  • popliteal lymph nodes and vessels
24
Q

Damage to superior gluteal nerve results in what?

A

Superior gluteal = L4-S1

- injury to supeior gluteal nerve would AFFECT GLUTEUS MEDIUS and MINIMUS and tensor fasciae latae muscles

25
Q

Damage to inferior gluteal nerve causes what?

A

Inferior gluteal = L5-S2

- damage affects gluteus maximus muscle

26
Q

Damage to sciatic nerve?

A 
Sciatic = L4-S3 
Two branches:
- Tibial = L4-S3
- Common peroneal = L4-S2
DAMAGE WILL NOT AFFECT GLUTEAL REGION
27
Q

Which nerves originate from posterior divison of L4-S4 roots?

A
  • common peroneal
  • superior gluteal
  • inferior gluteal
  • posterior femoral cutaneous
  • nerve to piriformis
28
Q

Which nerves originate from anterior division of L4-S4 roots)

A
  • tibial nerve
  • Nerves to obturator internus and quadratus femoris
  • pudendal nerve
  • nerve to levator ani

Anatomy exam 6 (6 decks)

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