Thermochemical equilibrium Flashcards
What is a spontaneous process?
When the conditions are right for a process to occur
What is a non-spontaneous process?
Energy is required to meet the conditions for the process to occur
What is the energy tax?
When energy transitions result in a loss in energy
What is entropy (S)?
A measure of the distribution/disorder of energy in a system
How do you calculate ΔS(univ)
ΔS(univ) = ΔS(sys) + ΔS(surr)
What is a microstate?
A unique distribution of energy among energy levels
How do you calculate S?
S = kln(# of microstates)
Is a reaction moving from high to low entropy spontaneous or non spontaneous?
Non spontaneous
Is a reaction moving from low to high entropy spontaneous or non spontaneous
Spontaneous
What is an isothermal process?
A process that occurs at a constant temperature
What is a reversible process?
A process that can be run in the opposite direction without net flow in the opposite direction
How do you calculate ΔS for a phase change
ΔS = q/T
If S>0, is the process spontaneous or non spontaneous?
Spontaneous
How does temperature affect entropy?
Entropy increases with increasing temperature
How does volume affect entropy?
Entropy increases with increasing volume
How does number of particles affect entropy?
Entropy increases with increasing number of particles
How does the S(solid) compare to S(liquid) and S(gas)
S(solid) < S(liquid) < S(gas)
How does the complexity of the structure affect entropy?
The more complex the structure, the higher entropy will be
How does the rigidity of the structure affect entropy?
The more rigid the structure, the lower entropy will be
How is entropy change of a system calculated?
ΔSrxn = ∑nΔS (products) - ∑nΔS (reactants)
What is free energy (G)?
Energy available to do work
If ΔG < 0, is the process spontaneous or not?
It is spontaneous
What is the relationship between S, H, and T?
ΔS = -ΔH/T
What is the relationship between G, S, H, and T?
G = H - TS
