acids and bases Flashcards
What is the arrhenius acid/base definition?
Acid: increases H+ concentration in water
Base: increases OH- concentration in water
What is the lewis acid/base definition?
Acid = e- acceptor
Base = e- donor
What is the Bronsted-Lowry acid/base definition?
Acid = H+ donor
Base = H+ acceptor
What are conjugate acid/base pairs?
Acid/base pair that only differ by the presence of one H+ ion
How is acid/base strength measured?
Ka / Kb
What is the relationship bewteen Ka and Kb?
Ka = 1/Kb
What is the relationship between conjugate acid strength and base strength
Stronger the acid/base, weaker the conjugate
For acid HX, how does size of X affect acid strength
The larger the X, the stronger the acid
For acid HX, how does electronegativity affect acid strength
The more electronegative X is, the weaker the acid
For acid HXY, how does amount of Y affect acid strength?
the more Y bonded, the stronger acid
What is the autoionization of water?
When water reacts with itself to form OH- and H+
What is the acid dissociation constant for the autoionization of water at 25 degrees celsius ?
10^-14
How do you calculate pH and pOH?
-log[H+], -log[OH-]
What is the relationship between Kw, [H+] and [OH-]
Kw = [H+][OH-]
How do you calculate pK?
-logK
What is the relationship between pKw, pH and pOH
pKw = pH + pOH
What is the relationship between pKa and acid strength?
The lower pKa, the stronger the acid
What are the strong acids?
HCl, HI, HBr, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4
What are the strong bases?
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2
