FINAL STUDY

Question 1

What are h-bonds?

Answer 1

N, O or F & H bonded to N, O or F

Question 2

What is the relation between vapor pressure and temperature at two different points?

Answer 2

ln(P2/P1) = (-dHvap/R)(1/T1 - 1/T2)

Question 3

How do you find Hsoln?

Answer 3

Hsoln = Hsolute + Hsolvent + Hmix

Question 4

What is Hsoln if your solvent is water?

Answer 4

Hsoln = Hsolute + Hhydration

Question 5

What do you include in the born haber cycle

Answer 5

Phase change enthalpy, breaking bond enthalpy, forming bond enthalpy, ionization energy of anion, electron affinity of cation, lattice energy from formation

Question 6

What is the relationship between concentration and pressure of gas?

Answer 6

Concentration = (Henry’s law constant)*(pressure)

Question 7

What is the effect of pressure and temperature on solubility of gas?

Answer 7

Increased pressure increases solubility, increasing temperature decreases solubility

Question 8

What is the vapor pressure lowering formula for volatile solutions

Answer 8

P(total) = X1P1 + X2P2 + X3P3 + …

Question 9

What is coordination number

Answer 9

Number of particles a particle is touching

Question 10

What is the packing efficiency of a scc

Answer 10

52%

Question 11

What is the packing efficiency of a bcc

Answer 11

68%

Question 12

What is the packing efficiency of a fcc

Answer 12

74%

Question 13

How is reaction rate changed if a reaction is multiplied by a constant and flipped?

Answer 13

Multiply rate by factor and switch signs

Question 14

What is the unit for the rate constant of a first and second order reaction?

Answer 14

First: s^-1
Second: (s^-1)(M^-1)

Question 15

What are peaks in an energy profile?

Answer 15

Transition states

Question 16

What is a trough in a energy profile

Answer 16

Intermediates

Question 17

What is the relationship between Kc and Kp in gas phase?

Answer 17

Kp = Kc(RT)^dn

Question 18

How do you change K if a reaction is multiplied by a factor and reversed?

Answer 18

Raise K to the negative 1, and then raise K to that factor

Question 19

How do electronegativity and size of X affect acid H-X, and which is more important?

Answer 19

Higher EN = stronger acid
Larger radius = weaker acid
EN is more important.

Question 20

What are the strong acids?

Answer 20

HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3

Question 21

What are the strong bases?

Answer 21

LiOH, KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2

Question 22

What is degree of ionization

Answer 22

(Qty that dissociates)/(concentration pre ionization)

Question 23

How do you determine if the first ionization determines the pH of a polyphrotic acid?

Answer 23

If Ks differ between each other by 3 or more orders

Question 24

What are complex ions?

Answer 24

Cation + metal ion w/ Lewis base

Question 25

What is a ligand

Answer 25

Lewis base, pairs with metal to form complex ion

Question 26

What is Kf and Kd, and what is the relationship between them

Answer 26

Kf = formation constant for complex ion Kd = dissociation constant for complex ion Kf = 1/Kd

Question 27

Is dG negative or positive for a spontaneous reaction

Answer 27

Negative

Question 28

What is the relationship between S and number of microstates

Answer 28

S = KB(lnW)

Question 29

What is the relationship between S and temperature, volume and number of particles

Answer 29

They are all proportional to S

Question 30

What is alpha decay + what is its net result?

Answer 30

Emission of He-4 (alpha particles) Net result: atomic no. decreases by 2 and atomic mass decreases by 4

Question 31

What is beta decay + what is its net result?

Answer 31

Emission of electron Net result: atomic no. Increases by 1

Question 32

What is a positron

Answer 32

Positively charged electron

Question 33

What is electron capture + what is its net result?

Answer 33

Electron and proton react to create a positron Net result: atomic no. Decreases by 1

Question 34

What is gamma emission?

Answer 34

Emission of a photon Net result: nucleus goes from excited to ground state

Question 35

What reaction order does all radioactive decay follow?

Answer 35

First order

Question 36

What is a magic number?

Answer 36

Most configuration of protons/neutrons

Question 37

How do you know if a molecule is neutron rich or neutron poor

Answer 37

If it lies above belt of stability it is neutron rich, if it lies below it is neutron poor

Question 38

What is nuclear fusion?

Answer 38

When two nuclei fuse

Question 39

What is nuclear fission

Answer 39

When U-235 is bombarded with a neutron, creates a chain reaction of more nuclear reactions

Question 40

How do you calculate electromotive force?

Answer 40

emf = CV

Question 41

What is the relationship between dG and cell potential?

Answer 41

dG(cell) = -nFE(cell)

Question 42

What is the relationship between K and dG

Answer 42

dG = -RTln(K)