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General Chemistry > FINAL STUDY > Flashcards

FINAL STUDY Flashcards

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1
Q

What are h-bonds?

A

N, O or F & H bonded to N, O or F

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2
Q

What is the relation between vapor pressure and temperature at two different points?

A

ln(P2/P1) = (-dHvap/R)(1/T1 - 1/T2)

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3
Q

How do you find Hsoln?

A

Hsoln = Hsolute + Hsolvent + Hmix

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4
Q

What is Hsoln if your solvent is water?

A

Hsoln = Hsolute + Hhydration

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5
Q

What do you include in the born haber cycle

A

Phase change enthalpy, breaking bond enthalpy, forming bond enthalpy, ionization energy of anion, electron affinity of cation, lattice energy from formation

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6
Q

What is the relationship between concentration and pressure of gas?

A

Concentration = (Henry’s law constant)*(pressure)

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7
Q

What is the effect of pressure and temperature on solubility of gas?

A

Increased pressure increases solubility, increasing temperature decreases solubility

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8
Q

What is the vapor pressure lowering formula for volatile solutions

A

P(total) = X1P1 + X2P2 + X3P3 + …

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9
Q

What is coordination number

A

Number of particles a particle is touching

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10
Q

What is the packing efficiency of a scc

A

52%

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11
Q

What is the packing efficiency of a bcc

A

68%

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12
Q

What is the packing efficiency of a fcc

A

74%

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13
Q

How is reaction rate changed if a reaction is multiplied by a constant and flipped?

A

Multiply rate by factor and switch signs

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14
Q

What is the unit for the rate constant of a first and second order reaction?

A

First: s^-1
Second: (s^-1)(M^-1)

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15
Q

What are peaks in an energy profile?

A

Transition states

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16
Q

What is a trough in a energy profile

A

Intermediates

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17
Q

What is the relationship between Kc and Kp in gas phase?

A

Kp = Kc(RT)^dn

18
Q

How do you change K if a reaction is multiplied by a factor and reversed?

A

Raise K to the negative 1, and then raise K to that factor

19
Q

How do electronegativity and size of X affect acid H-X, and which is more important?

A

Higher EN = stronger acid
Larger radius = weaker acid
EN is more important.

20
Q

What are the strong acids?

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3

21
Q

What are the strong bases?

A

LiOH, KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ca(OH)2

22
Q

What is degree of ionization

A

(Qty that dissociates)/(concentration pre ionization)

23
Q

How do you determine if the first ionization determines the pH of a polyphrotic acid?

A

If Ks differ between each other by 3 or more orders

24
Q

What are complex ions?

A

Cation + metal ion w/ Lewis base

25
Q

What is a ligand

A

Lewis base, pairs with metal to form complex ion

26
Q

What is Kf and Kd, and what is the relationship between them

A

Kf = formation constant for complex ion
Kd = dissociation constant for complex ion
Kf = 1/Kd

27
Q

Is dG negative or positive for a spontaneous reaction

A

Negative

28
Q

What is the relationship between S and number of microstates

A

S = KB(lnW)

29
Q

What is the relationship between S and temperature, volume and number of particles

A

They are all proportional to S

30
Q

What is alpha decay + what is its net result?

A

Emission of He-4 (alpha particles)
Net result: atomic no. decreases by 2 and atomic mass decreases by 4

31
Q

What is beta decay + what is its net result?

A

Emission of electron
Net result: atomic no. Increases by 1

32
Q

What is a positron

A

Positively charged electron

33
Q

What is electron capture + what is its net result?

A

Electron and proton react to create a positron
Net result: atomic no. Decreases by 1

34
Q

What is gamma emission?

A

Emission of a photon
Net result: nucleus goes from excited to ground state

35
Q

What reaction order does all radioactive decay follow?

A

First order

36
Q

What is a magic number?

A

Most configuration of protons/neutrons

37
Q

How do you know if a molecule is neutron rich or neutron poor

A

If it lies above belt of stability it is neutron rich, if it lies below it is neutron poor

38
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

When two nuclei fuse

39
Q

What is nuclear fission

A

When U-235 is bombarded with a neutron, creates a chain reaction of more nuclear reactions

40
Q

How do you calculate electromotive force?

A

emf = CV

41
Q

What is the relationship between dG and cell potential?

A

dG(cell) = -nFE(cell)

42
Q

What is the relationship between K and dG

A

dG = -RTln(K)

General Chemistry (10 decks)

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