Solutions Flashcards
What is miscibility
Ability of liquid to dissolve into another liquid (same as solubility but for liquids only)
What is molality?
Mol solute/kg solvent
ΔHsoln = ?
ΔH(solute) + ΔH(solvent) + ΔH(mix)
What is ΔHsoln when the solvent is water?
ΔH(ion-ion) + ΔH(hydration)
What are the steps of the born-haber cycle?
enthalpy of phase change, enthalpy of breaking/forming bonds for molecules with multiple atoms, IE of anion, EA of cation, lattice energy from formation of ion
What is henry’s law?
C(gas) = K(henry’s law constant)*P(gas)
In endothermic solutions, how does increasing temperature affect solubility?
Solubility increases with increasing temperature
In exothermic solutions, how does increasing temperatures affect solubility?
Solubility decreases with increasing temperature
How does pressure affect solubility of gases?
Solubility increases with increasing pressure
How does temperature affect solubility of gases?
Solubility decreases with increasing temperature
How does pressure affect solubility of solids and liquids?
Little to no effect
How does temperature affect solubility of solids and liquids?
Solubility increases with increasing temperature
What atoms is an alcohol made up of, and what are the polarity of each group?
Nonpolar C chains and polar OH groups
How is the type of solubility of an alcohol determined?
Whether the C or OH group is stronger
How does type of IMF affect solubility?
If two substances have the same IMF, they will dissolve each other (like dissolves like)
What is vapor pressure lowering?
When vapor pressure lowers after other substances are mixed in
What is the formula for vapor pressure lowering for non-volatile solutions?
P(solution) = P(component)*Mole fraction(component)
What is the formula for vapor pressure lowering for volatile solutions?
P(solution) = P1X1 + P2X2 + P3X3 + …
What is freezing point depression/boiling point elevation?
When freezing point decreases/boiling point increases when other substances are mixed in
What is the formula for freezing point depression/boiling point elevation?
ΔT = (boiling elevation orfreezing depression constant)(molality)(van’t hoff factor)
What is the van’t hoff factor?
Number of ions a substance dissociates into (usually 1)
What is osmotic pressure?
Pressure needed to stop flow of osmosis
What is the osmotic pressure equation?
iMRT
