Thermal Physics Flashcards
what is the internal energy of a body?
the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of all its particles
how can we increase the internal energy?
- Do work on the system
- increase the temperature
what is the specific heat capacity?
the amount of energy required to increases the temperature of 1kg by 1℃, without changing its state
what is the equation for specific heat capacity?
Q=mcΔθ
what is the specific latent heat of a substance?
the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of material, without changing the temperature
what is the equation for specific latent heat?
Q=mL
what is Boyle’s Law?
For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume
What is the equation for Boyle’s law?
pV=k
what is Charles’ Law?
For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, volume is directly proportional to temperature in kelvin
What is the equation for Charles’ Law?
V/T = k
What is the Pressure Law?
For a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to temperature in kelvin
What is the equation for the Pressure Law?
P/T= k
how do you turn celsius into kelvin?
add 273
what is the ideal gas equation? (moles)
-what is R?
pV=nRT
- 8.31
what is the ideal gas equation? (molecules)
-what is K?
pV=NKT
- 1.38x10^-23
what is the molar mass?
the mass of one mole of a substance
what is absolute zero?
0K, where the particles have no kinetic energy and the volume and pressure of the gas are zero
What is Brownian motion?
the random motion of larger particles in a fluid caused by a collision with surrounding particles, and can be observed through looking at smoke particles under a microscope
what are the assumptions of the kinetic theory model?
(5)
- no intermolecular forces
- duration of collisions is negligible
- perfectly elastic collisions
- follow Newton’s laws
- particles move in a straight line
what is an empirical law?
laws not based on theory but on observations and experimental evidence
what is the pV equation for the kinetic theory model?
pV= Nm(cᵣₘₛ)²
what is the equation for the kinetic energy of a single gas molecule?
KE= 3/2 kT
KE= mcᵣₘₛ)²/2
Derive the kinetic energy of particles?
long day
when does scientific knowledge change?
in accordance to the experimental evidence gathered by the scientific community
