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Physics > Mechanics and Materials > Flashcards

Mechanics and Materials Flashcards

1
Q

What are the SUVAT equations?

A
  • a= (v-u)/t
  • s= 0.5(v+u)t
  • s= ut +0.5at^2
  • v^2 -u^2 =2as
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2
Q

What is Free fall?

A

when the only force is weight

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3
Q

What is the centre of mass?

A

the single point where the weight acts through

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4
Q

How do you find the centre of mass?

A

Hang an object from a point and draw a vertical line downwards from that point. Now hang the object from another point and draw another vertical line downwards.
- the centre of mass is were the lines cross

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5
Q

What is Moment?

A

the turning effect of a force

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6
Q

what does moment depend on?

A

the size of the force and how far away the force is applied from the turning point

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7
Q

What is the equation?

A

Moment= force x perpendicular distance from pivot

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8
Q

what is the principle of moment?

A

for a body to be in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point must equal the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the same point

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9
Q

What is a couple?

A

a pair of forces of equal size which act parallel to each other, but in opposite directions

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10
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

a body will remain at rest or at constant velocity unless acted in by a resultant forces

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11
Q

What is Newton’s second law?

A

the acceleration of a body is proportional to the force acted on it but inversely proportional to its mass

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12
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

If body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts a force on body A of the same magnitude, same type of force but opposite in direction

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13
Q

When is terminal velocity reached?

A
  • constant driving force, no resultant force, i.e. no acceleration
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14
Q

What is work done?

A

the amount of energy transferred when a force acts on an object and moves it over a distance

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15
Q

What is Power?

A

the rate of work done

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16
Q

what are the equations for power in mechanics?

A
  • P= WD/t
  • P= Fv
17
Q

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

A

Energy can not be created or destroyed. Energy can be transferred from one form to another but the total amount of energy in a closed system will not change.

18
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

the extension of an elastic object, like a spring, is directly proportional to the force applied to it, as long as the force does not exceed the elastic limit

19
Q

What is elastic deformation?

A

when the material returns to its original shape once the forces are removed

20
Q

what is plastic deformation?

A

when the material is permanently stretched beyond elastic limit

21
Q

What is brittle behaviour?

A

when an object breaks, suddenly cracks. little plastic behaviour

22
Q

what is a fracture?

A

when the material completely breaks

23
Q

what are tensile forces?

A

-forces that stretch the material
-stress is positive

24
Q

what are compressive forces?

A

-forces that squash the material,
-stress is negative

25
Q

what is the equation for stress?
-units?

A

stress= force/cross sectional area
-pascals

26
Q

what is the equation for strain?
- units?

A

extension/ original length
- no units

27
Q

what is breaking stress?

A

the stress required to break the material

28
Q

what is the elastic strain energy?

A

the energy stored in the stretched material

29
Q

what is the equation for elastic work done?

A

WD= 0.5Fx 𝑥

30
Q

what is the equation for elastic potential energy?

A

E= 0.5k𝑥^2

31
Q

what does Young’s modulus represent?

A

the stiffness of a material

32
Q

what is the equation for Young’s modulus?

A

YN= stress / strain

33
Q

What is the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium

A

-Static: no resultant force or resultant moment. i.e. stationary
- Dynamic: no resultant force but moving at constant velocity

34
Q

What will the affect of air resistance have on the maximum speed and trajectory of a body?

A
  • Speed: it will achieve a lower max speed and will reach a terminal velocity
  • Trajectory: becomes flatter and shorter, smaller range and peak

Physics (7 decks)

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