Circular and SHM

Question 1

what is centripetal acceleration?
-equation?

Answer 1

acceleration directed towards the centre of a circle
- a = ω²r

Question 2

what is the centripetal force?
-equation?

Answer 2

force that acts towards the centre of the circle
- F = mv²/r or mω²r

Question 3

what is angular velocity?
-equation?

Answer 3

angle an object moves through per unit time
- ω = 2πf

Question 4

when is an object experiencing simple harmonic motion?

Answer 4

when its acceleration is directly proportional to displacement and is in the opposite direction

Question 5

what is the equation for acceleration in simple harmonic motion?

Answer 5

a = -ω²𝑥

Question 6

what is the equation for the displacement of a simple harmonic oscillator?
-and the equation for its velocity?

Answer 6

1. 𝑥= Acos(ωt)
2. v= ±ω√(A²-𝑥²)

Question 7

In SHM, what is the equation for maximum
1.velocity?
2. acceleration?

Answer 7

1. v(max)=ω𝑥
2. a(max)=ω²A

Question 8

what are two examples of simple harmonic systems?

Answer 8

• simple pendulum
• mass-spring system

Question 9

what is the equation for a simple pendulum?

Answer 9

T= 2π√(L/g)

Question 10

what is the equation for a mass spring system?

Answer 10

T=2π√(m/k)

Question 11

How is energy conserved in SHM?

Answer 11

kinetic energy is transferred to potential energy and back as the system oscillates, but the total energy of the system remains constant

Question 12

what is damping?

Answer 12

when the energy in an oscillation is lost to the environment, leading to reduced amplitude

Question 13

what are the 3 different types of damping?

Answer 13

1. Light damping
2. Critical damping
3. Heavy damping

Question 14

describe light damping?

Answer 14

amplitude gradually decreases by a small amount by each oscillation

Question 15

describe critical damping?

Answer 15

reduces the amplitude to zero in the shortest possible time

Question 16

describe heavy damping?

Answer 16

the amplitude reduces slower than with critical damping but also without any oscillations

Question 17

what are forced vibrations?

Answer 17

where a system experiences an external driving force which causes it to oscillate

Question 18

what is resonance?

Answer 18

where the amplitude of the oscillations of a system drastically increases due to gaining an increased amount of energy from the driving force

Question 19

what are the applications of resonances?

Answer 19

• instruments
• radios
  -swings

Question 20

what are the drawbacks of resonance?

Answer 20

can cause damage to structures such as bridges