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Physics > Particles and Radiation > Flashcards

Particles and Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Charge and Relative Mass of a proton?

A

Charge is +1 and relative mass is 1

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2
Q

What is the Charge and Relative Mass of a neutron?

A

Charge is 0 and relative mass is 1

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3
Q

What is the Charge and Relative Mass of an electron?

A

Charge is -1 and relative mass is 1/2000

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4
Q

What is the atomic number, what is the symbol?

A

the number of protons in the nucleus, the symbol is Z

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5
Q

What is the nucleon number, what is the symbol?

A

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the symbol is A

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6
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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7
Q

What are the forces acting on nucleons?

A

-Electrostatic due to the protons’ electric charge
-Gravitational due to the masses of the particle
-Strong Nuclear Force

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8
Q

Describe the Strong Nuclear Force (strength and range)

A

-Attractive force that is stronger than the electrostatic force
-short range ( attractive between 0.5 to 3fm)
-repulsive below 0.5fm

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9
Q

What is Alpha emission?

A

The emission of 2 protons and 2 neutrons from an unstable, large nucleus

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10
Q

What changes in the atom due to alpha decay?

A

-Proton number decreases by 2
-Nucleon number decreases by 4

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11
Q

What is Beta minus Decay?

A

-the emission of an electron from the nucleus along with an antineutrino, due to a neutron-rich nucleus.
-a neutron changes into a proton

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12
Q

What changes in the atom due to beta minus decay?

A

-Atomic number increases by 1
-Nucleon number remains the same

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13
Q

What is Beta plus Decay?

A

-the emission of a positron from the nucleus along with a neutrino, due to a proton-rich nucleus
-a proton changes into a neutron

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14
Q

What changes in the atom due to beta plus decay?

A

-Atomic number decreases by 1
-Nucleon number remains the same

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15
Q

What is the antiparticle for a :
-proton?
-neutron?
-electron?
-electron-neutrino?

A

-antiproton
-antineutron
-positron
-electron-antineutrino

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16
Q

What is pair production?

A

a process where a high energy photon creates a particle-antiparticle pair

17
Q

What is annihilation?

A

When a particle meets its antiparticle

18
Q

What are Hadrons?
-what are the 2 types?

A

-Particles that feel the strong nuclear force
-baryons and mesons

19
Q

What is the only stable baryon?
-what does this mean?
-Examples?
-What is the baryon number of a baryon?

A

-the proton
-all baryons decay into a proton
-protons obvs, and neutrons
- +1

20
Q

-What are Mesons?
-What are examples of Mesons?
-What is the baryon number of Mesons?

A

-Quark antiquark pair
-Pions and Kaons
-0

21
Q

What are the versions of Pions?

A

pi 0, pi+ and pi-

22
Q

What are versions of Kaons?

A

K 0 and K+

23
Q

What are leptons?

A

Fundamental particles that do not feel the strong nuclear force

24
Q

What are the types of leptons?

A

electrons, muons, tau

25
Q

What are the 3 types of Quarks?

A

Up, Down, Strange

26
Q

what is the charge, baryon number and strangeness of an Up quark?

A
  • +2/3
  • +1/3
  • 0
27
Q

what is the charge, baryon number and strangeness of a down quark?

A
  • -1/3
  • +1/3
  • 0
28
Q

what is the charge, baryon number and strangeness of a strange quark?

A
  • -1/3
  • +1/3
  • -1
29
Q

-How many Quarks are Baryons made from?
- How many Quarks are Mesons made from?

A
  • 3
  • 2
30
Q

What interaction changes the Quark type?

A

Weak Force

31
Q

What are the 4 properties that are conserved in Particle Interactions?

A

-Charge
-Baryon Number
-Strangeness (only in SNF)
-Lepton Number

32
Q

What are gauge bosons?

A

force-carrying particles that mediate the fundamental forces of nature

33
Q

What are the 4 fundamental forces?

A

-Strong
-Weak
-Electromagnetic
-Gravity

34
Q

What are the gauge boson for each Fundamental Force?

A

-Strong: gluon
-Weak: W+, W-, Z0
-Electromagnetic: photon
-Gravity: Graviton

35
Q

What is the relationship between the Mass and the Range of force for a boson?

A

The larger the mass of the gauge boson, the shorter the range of the force

36
Q

Draw a Feynman diagram for:
-proton capture
-beta minus and plus decay

A

search it up broski

Physics (7 decks)

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