Particles and Radiation Flashcards
What is the Charge and Relative Mass of a proton?
Charge is +1 and relative mass is 1
What is the Charge and Relative Mass of a neutron?
Charge is 0 and relative mass is 1
What is the Charge and Relative Mass of an electron?
Charge is -1 and relative mass is 1/2000
What is the atomic number, what is the symbol?
the number of protons in the nucleus, the symbol is Z
What is the nucleon number, what is the symbol?
the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, the symbol is A
What is an Isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What are the forces acting on nucleons?
-Electrostatic due to the protons’ electric charge
-Gravitational due to the masses of the particle
-Strong Nuclear Force
Describe the Strong Nuclear Force (strength and range)
-Attractive force that is stronger than the electrostatic force
-short range ( attractive between 0.5 to 3fm)
-repulsive below 0.5fm
What is Alpha emission?
The emission of 2 protons and 2 neutrons from an unstable, large nucleus
What changes in the atom due to alpha decay?
-Proton number decreases by 2
-Nucleon number decreases by 4
What is Beta minus Decay?
-the emission of an electron from the nucleus along with an antineutrino, due to a neutron-rich nucleus.
-a neutron changes into a proton
What changes in the atom due to beta minus decay?
-Atomic number increases by 1
-Nucleon number remains the same
What is Beta plus Decay?
-the emission of a positron from the nucleus along with a neutrino, due to a proton-rich nucleus
-a proton changes into a neutron
What changes in the atom due to beta plus decay?
-Atomic number decreases by 1
-Nucleon number remains the same
What is the antiparticle for a :
-proton?
-neutron?
-electron?
-electron-neutrino?
-antiproton
-antineutron
-positron
-electron-antineutrino
What is pair production?
a process where a high energy photon creates a particle-antiparticle pair
What is annihilation?
When a particle meets its antiparticle
What are Hadrons?
-what are the 2 types?
-Particles that feel the strong nuclear force
-baryons and mesons
What is the only stable baryon?
-what does this mean?
-Examples?
-What is the baryon number of a baryon?
-the proton
-all baryons decay into a proton
-protons obvs, and neutrons
- +1
-What are Mesons?
-What are examples of Mesons?
-What is the baryon number of Mesons?
-Quark antiquark pair
-Pions and Kaons
-0
What are the versions of Pions?
pi 0, pi+ and pi-
What are versions of Kaons?
K 0 and K+
What are leptons?
Fundamental particles that do not feel the strong nuclear force
What are the types of leptons?
electrons, muons, tau
What are the 3 types of Quarks?
Up, Down, Strange
what is the charge, baryon number and strangeness of an Up quark?
- +2/3
- +1/3
- 0
what is the charge, baryon number and strangeness of a down quark?
- -1/3
- +1/3
- 0
what is the charge, baryon number and strangeness of a strange quark?
- -1/3
- +1/3
- -1
-How many Quarks are Baryons made from?
- How many Quarks are Mesons made from?
- 3
- 2
What interaction changes the Quark type?
Weak Force
What are the 4 properties that are conserved in Particle Interactions?
-Charge
-Baryon Number
-Strangeness (only in SNF)
-Lepton Number
What are gauge bosons?
The exchange particle between the four fundamental interactions
What are the 4 fundamental forces?
-Strong
-Weak
-Electromagnetic
-Gravity
What are the gauge boson for each Fundamental Force?
-Strong: gluon
-Weak: W+, W-, Z0
-Electromagnetic: photon
-Gravity: Graviton
What is the relationship between the Mass and the Range of force for a boson?
The larger the mass of the gauge boson, the shorter the range of the force
Draw a Feynman diagram for:
-proton capture
-beta minus and plus decay
search it up broski
name 3 differences between internal conversion and beta minus decay?
- in beta minus decay, a neutron turns into a proton unlike in internal conversion
- Beta minus decay releases an anti electron neutrino, whereas internal conversion doesn’t
- Beta minus decay is a weak force interaction whereas internal conversion is electromagnetic
Discuss the benefits of using electron diffraction rather than the closest approach of an alpha particle to evaluate nuclear radii.
- you can get measurements for electron diffraction whereas the closest approach of an alpha particle is a calculation. (i.e test with an experiment, not just theory)
- Alpha particle approach has an upper limit since it won’t actually reach the nucleus, but above it so the calculated radius is larger than actual
- Distance of alpha particle depends on its’ initial energy
