Therapy Flashcards
conviction underlying psychotherapy
people with psychological problems can change
why do people seek therapy?
may be in stressful current life circumstances
have long-standing problems
be reluctant and enter at request of physician, or spouse
seek personal growth
who provides psychotherapeutic services?
mental health professionals: clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric social works
qualities that enhance therapy
client’s motivation to change
client’s expectation of receiving help
protected setting
good match between client and therapist
measuring success in psychotherapy: estimated gains depends on
therapist’s impression of changes that have occurred
client’s reports of change
reports from client’s family/friends
comparison of pretreatment and post-treatment scores on personality tests
measure of change in selected overt behaviors
objectifying and quantifying change
measure change with quantitative methods: reliable and valid self-reports or interviews
self-monitoring behaviors
biologically-based indices (fMRI)
would change occur anyway?
improvement often occurs without professional intervention
psychotherapy can accelerate improvement
research finding
can therapy be harmful?
some clients harmed by encounter with psychotherapists
5-10% deteriorate during treatment
responsibilities of therapists
what therapeutic approaches should be used?
evidence-based treatment
medication or psychotherapy
combined treatments
advances is psychopharmacology
allow many to remain unhospitalized
include problems with side effects and matching drug and drug dosage to needs of patient
may reduce symptoms but not cure disorder
combined (medication + psychotherapy) treatments
clinical practice - used for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
effectiveness - works better for chronic or recurrent depression
experimenters but not the subjects know the makeup of the test and control groups during the actual course of the experiments
single-blind procedure
neither the subjects of the experiment nor the persons administering the experiment know the critical aspects of the experiment
double-blind procedure
a beneficial effect, produced by a placebo drug or treatment, that cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must therefore be due to the patient’s belief in that treatment
placebo effect
what is the control is psychotherapy trials
another “active” treatment
waitlist control
blinding
therapist effects in psychotherapy trails
manualize treatments
fidelity checks
includes direct and active treatment
recognizes primacy of behavior
acknowledges role of learning
includes thorough assessment and evaluation
behavior therapy
behavior therapy approaches
exposure therapy
aversion therapy
modeling
systematic reinforcement approaches
token economics
identifying fear, build a hierarchy
systematic desensitization vs. flooding
imaginal vs. in vivo exposure
exposure therapies
for example, when a person has been conditioned to have a positive association with a drug, can be used to associate the drug with a negative response
aversive conditioning
skills training
role playing
often included with exposure therapy
modeling
