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Abnormal Psych > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

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1
Q

how many people actively have the disorder at the current point in time

A

point prevalence

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2
Q

how many people actively have the disorder over the course of a year

A

one-year prevalence

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3
Q

how many people have experience the disorder over their lifetime

A

lifetime prevalence

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4
Q

number of active cases (individuals with the diagnosis or presenting with the behavior)

A

prevalence

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5
Q

number of new cases (how many individuals developed this behavior for the first time)

A

incidence

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6
Q

more than one disorder in the same person / very common

A

comorbidity

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7
Q

treatments that stem across different diagnoses not just separate diagnoses

A

transdiagnostic

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8
Q

acute vs. sudden / gradual vs. insidious

A

onset (clinical description)

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9
Q

episode of depression that lasts for a long period of time

A

chronic course

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10
Q

have one episode of depression then it is gone

A

acute or time-limited course

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11
Q

forecast of course

A

prognosis

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12
Q

call individuals and ask a structured series of questions / easily administered to large group of people

A

self-report

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13
Q

ask parents or teachers or siblings / done frequently with kids

A

informant reports

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14
Q

There is _____ overlap between informant and self reports

A

LOW

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15
Q

kids report more _____ disorders than parents

A

internalizing

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16
Q

parents report on _____ (acting out, rule breaking, etc.)

A

behavioral problems

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17
Q

wide range/observations are made and things like physiological methods or activity in the brain are encoded

A

observational methods

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18
Q

examining the relationship between two or more variables

differences between a group of individuals based on a measure of interest

A

correlational research

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19
Q

intensely follow or describe one individual with the disorder of interest

A

case studies or case series

20
Q

study a group of individuals who look very similar to the case groups minus the condition of interest

A

case-control studies

21
Q

[backwards]

asses people at a time point and look at lifetime history

physiological autopsy

A

retrospective

22
Q

investigate into person’s death by reconstruction of events leading up to death and information gathered by personal documents, police reports, interviews and medical/coroner’s records

A

physiological autopsy

23
Q

[forwards]

follow the individual for a period of life and see what happens if both their parents have markers for depression

A

prospective

longitudinal design

24
Q

collect patients with desired criteria and randomly assign them to treatment/control group

followed up over time and asses change in symptoms

as more treatments develop there could be comparison of new to old treatments

large scale

A

randomized controlled trials (ex: systematically test an intervention)

25
Q

baseline - asses individual for a period of time

treatment - apply and monitor

reversal - remove the treatment and observe what happens

treatment - reapply and see if they get better

A

single-case experimental designs (ABAB)

26
Q

is experimental or observational study better?

A

need a multi-functional lab to get an in-depth understanding of the disease

27
Q

considerations in research design: sampling

A

when collecting a sample you pull from a population and you infer that they are characteristic of the larger population they were pulled from

replication across study designs in different labs with different samples can be combined

28
Q

considerations in research design: control/comparison groups

A

control group makes a huge difference in findings because results are based off their deviation from gathered observations

29
Q

considerations in research design: temporal relationship between variables

A

cannot study a symptom and a disease and jump straight to a conclusion that one is causing the other

30
Q

methodologically sound

are we matching all criteria’ accounting for confounding variables

A

internal validity

31
Q

generalizability

if we have a specific example to what extent can we generalize the findings to larger populations

A

external validity

32
Q

reflects the size of association of variables independent of the sample size

used to compare the strength of findings from different studies

A

effect size

33
Q

combines effect sizes from all included studies and tells the magnitude of the effect

A

meta-analysis

34
Q

contemporary views of abnormal behavior: biological discoveries

A

linked brain to the presence of mental illness / environmental factors / connections between syphilis and mental illness

35
Q

contemporary views of abnormal behavior: development of early classification system

A

Emil Kraeplin wrote about clusters of symptoms that pointed to syndromes which led to different treatments

36
Q

contemporary views of abnormal behavior: psychological causation views emerge

A

Freud made first major steps toward understanding psychological factors in mental disorders

emphasizes inner dynamics of unconscious motives

37
Q

contemporary views of abnormal behavior: experimental psychological research develops

A

Wihelm Wundt had the first experimental laboratory (structuralism)

William James father of American psychology (functionalism)

38
Q

people look inside themselves and tell you things about themselves

A

structuralism

39
Q

function of mental states by what they do

A

functionalism

40
Q

theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns

psychoanalysis dominated until this point

exposure therapies are rooted in this concept

A

behaviorism

41
Q

unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response

Pavlov and Watson

A

classical conditioning

42
Q

pair conditioned stimulus with a “fear-less” response

systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning

A

counter-conditioning

43
Q

swap + with -

upkeep may need to be involved

flooding

A

systematic desensitization

44
Q

swap - with +

done with substance abuse

A

aversive conditioning

45
Q

associating your behavior with its’ consequences and understanding how those consequences influence a behavior

reward or punishment can increase or decrease the chance of a behavior

A

operant conditioning

46
Q

token economy where tokens are obtained for desired behavior and redeemed for desireable items

done with ADHD/addiction

A

contingency management

Abnormal Psych (7 decks)

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