theraputic options in cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Therapeutic Options incluse

A

prevention and treatment

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2
Q

CRC: probably a link with

A

red meat consumption

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3
Q

breast cancer : probably a link with

A

saturated fat intake

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4
Q

water & air quality can be improved through :

A

electric cars / renewable energy

- therapeutic option

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5
Q

screening

A

Cervical cancer: regular smear tests

CRC : faecal occult blood the most commonly used test
16% reduction in CRC mortality

breast cancer : mammography

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6
Q

therapeutic options:

local or regional treatment

A
  • surgery
  • radiotherapy
  • abliation (freezing, radio frequency etc)
  • isolated limb perfusion
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7
Q

theraputic options:

systemic treatment

A
  • hormonal therapy
  • chemotherapy
  • biological therapy
  • immunotherapy
  • CAR T-cell therapy
  • whole body irradiation (for BMT)
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8
Q

examination is used to find out

A

where the cancer is through the use of radiology or imaging

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9
Q

we can tell what kind of cancer it is through

A

pathology/cytology

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10
Q

surgery needs anatomical

A

clearance - 50% cancers cured through surgery

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11
Q

radiography needs anatomical

A

coverage - 40% cancers cured by radiotherapy

  • can treat inoperable lesions
  • can make surgery become possible
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12
Q

5 R’s of radiobiology

A
radiosensitivity
repair
re-population
re- oxygenation
re-assortment
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13
Q

radiotherapy can be used in combination with

A

chemotherapy (anal, rectal and oesophageal cancer)

- has an important role in pallitation (pain, bleeding, swollen limbs)

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14
Q

radiotherapy usually targets

A
  • head and neck
  • uterus/cervix
  • skin
  • lymphoma
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15
Q

systemic treatment is beneficial for

A

widespread disesae

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16
Q

systemic treatment disadvantage

A

widespread toxicity

17
Q

5% cancers are cured by

A

chemotherapy

18
Q

50% of cancers have

A

palliative chemotherapy

19
Q

adjuvant is when

A

someone has had a successful surgery but have a chance of reoccurance and so have chemotherapy to stop it from coming back

20
Q

neoadjuvant is when

A

treatment is given as a first step to shrink a tumour befor the main treatment. eg - chemotherapy before surgery.
its a type of induction therapy

21
Q

palliative is designed to

A

relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

used to control or reduce side effects of cancer.

22
Q

curative refers to

A

health care practices that treat patients with the intent to cure them, not just reduce pain and stress.
eg- chemotherapy, surgery

23
Q

targeted treatments are

A

specific and based on molecular science.

24
Q

EGFR inhibitors in

A

lung cancer need to have specific mutation

25
Q

imatinib blocks

A

tyrosine kinase

- useful in CML and GISTS

26
Q

immune therapies that are non specific include

A
  • innate (macrophages, NK cells)
  • programmed cell death pathway (PD-1)
    (uses immune system to attack foreign cells)
27
Q

immune therapies that are specific include

A
  • monoclonal antibodies
  • chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell
    (artificial T-cell receptors using retroviral vectors)
28
Q

PDL1 binds to

A

PD1 and inhibits T-cell killing of tumour cells.

- blocking of PD1 or PDL1 allows T-cell killing of tumour cells

29
Q

PDL1 is found in

A

some normal and cancer cells

30
Q

PDL1 is a

A

protein found in normal cells to stop immune cells attacking normal cells.
cancer uses this to hide form the immune system in our body
- if your cancer cells have a high amount of this then immunotherapy is good

31
Q

PDL1 and PD1 antagonists are used in

A

melanoma and lung cancer

32
Q

monoclonal antibodies are used for

A

cancer and inflammatory diseases

33
Q

chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) t cell therapy involves

A
  • T cell collection
  • T cell transfection
  • T cell adoptive transfer (lymphodepleting conditioning)
  • patient monitering
34
Q

T cell transfection involves

A
  • binding
  • fusion
  • integration
  • transcription and protein expression
  • CAR cell membrane insersion
35
Q

surgical techniques reduce

A

morbidity