theraputic options in cancer

Question 1

Therapeutic Options incluse

Answer 1

prevention and treatment

Question 2

CRC: probably a link with

Answer 2

red meat consumption

Question 3

breast cancer : probably a link with

Answer 3

saturated fat intake

Question 4

water & air quality can be improved through :

Answer 4

electric cars / renewable energy

- therapeutic option

Question 5

screening

Answer 5

Cervical cancer: regular smear tests

CRC : faecal occult blood the most commonly used test
16% reduction in CRC mortality

breast cancer : mammography

Question 6

therapeutic options:

local or regional treatment

Answer 6

• surgery
• radiotherapy
• abliation (freezing, radio frequency etc)
• isolated limb perfusion

Question 7

theraputic options:

systemic treatment

Answer 7

• hormonal therapy
• chemotherapy
• biological therapy
• immunotherapy
• CAR T-cell therapy
• whole body irradiation (for BMT)

Question 8

examination is used to find out

Answer 8

where the cancer is through the use of radiology or imaging

Question 9

we can tell what kind of cancer it is through

Answer 9

pathology/cytology

Question 10

surgery needs anatomical

Answer 10

clearance - 50% cancers cured through surgery

Question 11

radiography needs anatomical

Answer 11

coverage - 40% cancers cured by radiotherapy

• can treat inoperable lesions
• can make surgery become possible

Question 12

5 R’s of radiobiology

Answer 12

radiosensitivity
repair
re-population
re- oxygenation
re-assortment

Question 13

radiotherapy can be used in combination with

Answer 13

chemotherapy (anal, rectal and oesophageal cancer)

- has an important role in pallitation (pain, bleeding, swollen limbs)

Question 14

radiotherapy usually targets

Answer 14

• head and neck
• uterus/cervix
• skin
• lymphoma

Question 15

systemic treatment is beneficial for

Answer 15

widespread disesae

Question 16

systemic treatment disadvantage

Answer 16

widespread toxicity

Question 17

5% cancers are cured by

Answer 17

chemotherapy

Question 18

50% of cancers have

Answer 18

palliative chemotherapy

Question 19

adjuvant is when

Answer 19

someone has had a successful surgery but have a chance of reoccurance and so have chemotherapy to stop it from coming back

Question 20

neoadjuvant is when

Answer 20

treatment is given as a first step to shrink a tumour befor the main treatment. eg - chemotherapy before surgery.
its a type of induction therapy

Question 21

palliative is designed to

Answer 21

relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

used to control or reduce side effects of cancer.

Question 22

curative refers to

Answer 22

health care practices that treat patients with the intent to cure them, not just reduce pain and stress.
eg- chemotherapy, surgery

Question 23

targeted treatments are

Answer 23

specific and based on molecular science.

Question 24

EGFR inhibitors in

Answer 24

lung cancer need to have specific mutation

Question 25

imatinib blocks

Answer 25

tyrosine kinase | - useful in CML and GISTS

Question 26

immune therapies that are non specific include

Answer 26

- innate (macrophages, NK cells) - programmed cell death pathway (PD-1) (uses immune system to attack foreign cells)

Question 27

immune therapies that are specific include

Answer 27

- monoclonal antibodies - chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell (artificial T-cell receptors using retroviral vectors)

Question 28

PDL1 binds to

Answer 28

PD1 and inhibits T-cell killing of tumour cells. | - blocking of PD1 or PDL1 allows T-cell killing of tumour cells

Question 29

PDL1 is found in

Answer 29

some normal and cancer cells

Question 30

PDL1 is a

Answer 30

protein found in normal cells to stop immune cells attacking normal cells. cancer uses this to hide form the immune system in our body - if your cancer cells have a high amount of this then immunotherapy is good

Question 31

PDL1 and PD1 antagonists are used in

Answer 31

melanoma and lung cancer

Question 32

monoclonal antibodies are used for

Answer 32

cancer and inflammatory diseases

Question 33

chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) t cell therapy involves

Answer 33

- T cell collection - T cell transfection - T cell adoptive transfer (lymphodepleting conditioning) - patient monitering

Question 34

T cell transfection involves

Answer 34

- binding - fusion - integration - transcription and protein expression - CAR cell membrane insersion

Question 35

surgical techniques reduce

Answer 35

morbidity