theraputic options in cancer Flashcards
Therapeutic Options incluse
prevention and treatment
CRC: probably a link with
red meat consumption
breast cancer : probably a link with
saturated fat intake
water & air quality can be improved through :
electric cars / renewable energy
- therapeutic option
screening
Cervical cancer: regular smear tests
CRC : faecal occult blood the most commonly used test
16% reduction in CRC mortality
breast cancer : mammography
therapeutic options:
local or regional treatment
- surgery
- radiotherapy
- abliation (freezing, radio frequency etc)
- isolated limb perfusion
theraputic options:
systemic treatment
- hormonal therapy
- chemotherapy
- biological therapy
- immunotherapy
- CAR T-cell therapy
- whole body irradiation (for BMT)
examination is used to find out
where the cancer is through the use of radiology or imaging
we can tell what kind of cancer it is through
pathology/cytology
surgery needs anatomical
clearance - 50% cancers cured through surgery
radiography needs anatomical
coverage - 40% cancers cured by radiotherapy
- can treat inoperable lesions
- can make surgery become possible
5 R’s of radiobiology
radiosensitivity repair re-population re- oxygenation re-assortment
radiotherapy can be used in combination with
chemotherapy (anal, rectal and oesophageal cancer)
- has an important role in pallitation (pain, bleeding, swollen limbs)
radiotherapy usually targets
- head and neck
- uterus/cervix
- skin
- lymphoma
systemic treatment is beneficial for
widespread disesae
systemic treatment disadvantage
widespread toxicity
5% cancers are cured by
chemotherapy
50% of cancers have
palliative chemotherapy
adjuvant is when
someone has had a successful surgery but have a chance of reoccurance and so have chemotherapy to stop it from coming back
neoadjuvant is when
treatment is given as a first step to shrink a tumour befor the main treatment. eg - chemotherapy before surgery.
its a type of induction therapy
palliative is designed to
relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.
used to control or reduce side effects of cancer.
curative refers to
health care practices that treat patients with the intent to cure them, not just reduce pain and stress.
eg- chemotherapy, surgery
targeted treatments are
specific and based on molecular science.
EGFR inhibitors in
lung cancer need to have specific mutation
imatinib blocks
tyrosine kinase
- useful in CML and GISTS
immune therapies that are non specific include
- innate (macrophages, NK cells)
- programmed cell death pathway (PD-1)
(uses immune system to attack foreign cells)
immune therapies that are specific include
- monoclonal antibodies
- chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell
(artificial T-cell receptors using retroviral vectors)
PDL1 binds to
PD1 and inhibits T-cell killing of tumour cells.
- blocking of PD1 or PDL1 allows T-cell killing of tumour cells
PDL1 is found in
some normal and cancer cells
PDL1 is a
protein found in normal cells to stop immune cells attacking normal cells.
cancer uses this to hide form the immune system in our body
- if your cancer cells have a high amount of this then immunotherapy is good
PDL1 and PD1 antagonists are used in
melanoma and lung cancer
monoclonal antibodies are used for
cancer and inflammatory diseases
chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) t cell therapy involves
- T cell collection
- T cell transfection
- T cell adoptive transfer (lymphodepleting conditioning)
- patient monitering
T cell transfection involves
- binding
- fusion
- integration
- transcription and protein expression
- CAR cell membrane insersion
surgical techniques reduce
morbidity
