outline of disease processes in cancer Flashcards
1
Q
most cancers are
A
monoclonal; arise form single cell
2
Q
cancers invade
A
adjacent tissue and are spread by lymphatics nad blood vessels to other parts of the body
3
Q
cancer cell features
A
- loss of contact inhibition
- increase in growth factor secretion
- increase in oncogene expression
- loss of tumour suppressor genes
4
Q
normal cell features
A
- oncogene expression is rare
- intermittent or co-ordinated growth factor secretion
- presense of tumour suppressor genes
5
Q
things that initiate cancers are
A
chemical
physical
iral
6
Q
things that promote cancers are
A
growth factors
oncogenes
7
Q
things that allow progression of cancers
A
metastasis
8
Q
aniline dyes can cause
A
bladdar cancer
- chemical carcenogenesis
9
Q
nitrogen mustard can cause
A
leukaemia
- chemical carcenogenesis
10
Q
aflatoxin can cause
A
liver damage
11
Q
physical carcinogens
A
- ionising radiation
- dose response relationship
- radon source is mainly buildings
- ventillation reduces risk - mechanism
- chromosome translocation
- gene amplification
- oncogene activation
12
Q
oncogenes function
A
transforming genes
- positive regulators of growth
- represent gain in function to transformed cells
13
Q
growth factors function
A
polypeptide molecules
- regulate cell growth and function
- bind to cell membrane receptors
- stimulate activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways
14
Q
oncogene stimulation may be
A
- autocrine
- paracrine
15
Q
autocrine stimulus is when
A
- cell carries receptor and secretes growth factor
- cell escapes normal control mechanism
