lymph

Question 1

lymph node main functions

Answer 1

Tissue drainage and return of plasma and plasma proteins
- Drains escaped, cell-free plasma (tissue fluid) from the extracellular spaces back to the venous system (~8L/Day)

Absorbed fat transport from gut
Immunity

Question 2

Lymph nodes can be isolated or grouped. Groups occur at the

Answer 2

bases of major arterial trunks.

Question 3

Germinal centres are the

Answer 3

secondary lymphoid follicles

- more lymphocytes outside the germinal centre than there are inside the germinal centre.

Question 4

Superficial Lymph Nodes

Answer 4

Inguinal nodes located in and around the femoral triangle at the base of the lower limb.

Question 5

Lymph node pathology

Answer 5

Primary tumours (lymphomas) such as Hodgkins
Secondary tumours as a result of metastasis from other sites
Infections such as tuberculosis and glandular fever (mononucleosis)
Inflammatory hyperplasia.

Question 6

Describe how lymphatic fluid is returned to the venous circulation, and where

Answer 6

Initially drainage is symmetrical from limbs, head and neck and trunk.
As a rule deep lymphatic drainage follows routes of arterial supply.
Ultimately all lymph congregates into 2 large lymph ducts
These empty into the venous system at the Jugular/ Subclavian junction

Question 7

Lymph Nodes and fat transport from gut

Answer 7

Lymph returning from the small intestine is laden with absorbed fats, which will also drain to the Superior vena cava and eventually to the liver for absorption.

Question 8

Where can lymphocytes be generated and mature

Answer 8

Thymus and Bone marrow (1o)
Spleen (2o)
Lymph nodes (2o)
Peyer’s patches (2o)
Tonsils
Lymphocytes

Question 9

Spleen lymph

Answer 9

Largest lymphatic organ
Upper left quadrant of abdomen (peritonised)
Contains large amount of blood, routinely discharged via smooth muscle action

Question 10

White pulp in spleen is the

Answer 10

immune function where T (PALS) and B (germinal centres) cells are found.
lymphocytes are found here (in germinal centres)

two central arteries are also found in the germinal centre of spleen

Question 11

red pulp in spleen is the

Answer 11

erythrocytes (outside germinal centres)

Question 12

No lymph drainage from

Answer 12

• epithelium
• cartilage
• bone
• central nervous system*
• or from the majority of the spleen and liver.

Question 13

No lymph drainage from

Answer 13

• epithelium
• cartilage
• bone
• central nervous system*
• or from the majority of the spleen and liver.