Therapies based on Operant Conditioning

Question 1

Positive reinforcement is most effective when the reinforcer is delivered______the behavior; and up to a point the greater the magnitude of the reinforcer the greater its effects.After that point, however, ____can occur, which reduces the effectiveness of the reinforcement.

Answer 1

immediately after;satiation

Question 2

Prompts facilitate the acquisition of a new behavior and thegradual removal of prompts is referred to as____.

Answer 2

fading

Question 3

Shaping,one form of positive reinforcement,involves reinforcing_____to the desired behavior. Shaping should not be confused with___,whichinvolves establishing a sequence of responses.

Answer 3

successive approximations;chaining

Question 4

When using the Premack Principle, a____behvaior serves as a reinforcer for a behavior that does not occur often enough. When using___, the target behavior is ignored and alternative behaviors are reinforced.

Answer 4

high frequency; differential reinforcement

Question 5

Punishment is most effective when it is applied at the___of the target behavior and when it is applied on a(n) _______schedule. To avoid _____, punishment should be administered in moderate intensity from the start rather than beginning with a weak form and gradually increasing its intensity. It’s important to keep in mind that punishment does not eliminate behavior but merely ___it.

Answer 5

onset; continuous; habituation;supressess

Question 6

Overcorrection consists of two procedures that can be used individually or together;_____requires the person to overcorrect the effects of his/her behavior, while ___requires the person to practice alternative and more appropriate behaviors.

Answer 6

Restitution; positive practice

Question 7

Response cost entails removing a__each time the target behavior occurs while___involves removing all sources of reinforcement for aprespecified period of time following the behavior.

Answer 7

positive reinforcer; timeout

Question 8

Operant extinction involves withholding reinfocement from a____behavior to decrease that behavior. To maximize its effectiveness, the reinforcement must be___withheld. Oneproblem with extinction is that its use may produce a temporary____in the target behavior.

Answer 8

previously reinforced;consistently; increase(extinction burst)

Question 9

A contingency contract is a formal written agreement between two or more parties about the behaviors thatare to be modified and the____that will follow those behaviors.

Answer 9

rewards and punishments

Question 10

A token economy is a structured environment in which desirable behaviors are increasedby reinforcing them with____reinforcers(tokens) that can be exchanged for___reinforcers while undesireable behaviors are decreased by removing or withholding reinforcers.

Answer 10

generalized(secondary); back-up(primary)

Question 11

Function-based interventions are derived from the results of a functional behavioral assessment which identifies the characteristics of the target behavior and its_____.

Answer 11

antecedents and consequences