Therapies based on Classical Conditioning

Question 1

Interventions based on counterconditioning pair a maladaptive behavior with a(n)___response in order to eliminate the maladaptive behavior.Wolpe’s____, for example, pairs anxiety with relaxation or other incompatible and more adaptive response in order to eliminate the anxiety response.

Answer 1

incompatible; reciprocal inhibition

Question 2

Systematic desensitization involves 4 stages:relaxation training, construction of an___, desensitization in imagination, and ____desensitization.

Answer 2

anxiety hierarchy; in vivo

Question 3

Reciprocal inhibition (counterconditioning) was originally defined as the essential component of systematic desensitization, research using the dismantling strategy suggests that its effectiveness is due to ___ to the CS without the original US.

Answer 3

exposure

Question 4

Behavioral sex therapy makes useof techniques based on counterconditioning,one of these is___which involves pairing anxiety-evoking sexual situations with pleasureable physical sensations and relaxation.

Answer 4

sensate focus

Question 5

When using in vivo aversion therapy a target behavior or stimulus associated with that behavior is paired with a stimulus that naturally evokes a(n)___response. For example, drinking alcohol might be paired with electric shock so that eventually the alcohol elicits a fear response and is avoided. In this situation, the alcohol is the___stimulus, while the electric shock is the___stimulus. When conducted in imagination, aversion therapy is referred to as_____.

Answer 5

unpleasant(undesireable); conditioned; uncoditioned; covert sensitization

Question 6

The two-factor theory describes phobias as the result of a combinationof classical conditioning and___. From this perspective, a phobia can be eliminated by exposing the individual to the___stimulus while prohibiting his/her usual ____response.

Answer 6

negative reinforcement(operant conditioning); conditioned; avoidance;

Question 7

In vivo exposure with response prevention is used to treat anxiety responses and is more effective when exposure sessions are __rather than brief.

Answer 7

massed(prolonged and continuous)

Question 8

___is a variation of in vivo exposure that involves exposing the individual to the most anxiety arousing stimuli for a prolonged period, while____exposure begins with exposure to situations that produce minimal anxiety and progresses to situations that elicit increasingly more intense anxiety levels.

Answer 8

Flooding; Graduated

Question 9

Implosive therapy is conducted in imagination and combines exposure with___interpretations.

Answer 9

psychodynamic

Question 10

Lateral eye movements were identifiedas an essential component of EMDR, a meta-analysis by Davidson and paker(2001) suggests that its beneficial effects are due to___.

Answer 10

exposure(extinction)