Memory & Interference Theories of Forgetting Flashcards
The information processing (multistore) model divides memory into 3 components: __stores a great deal of information but retains it for a very brief period of time. Information is transferred to Short-term memory(STM) when it becomes the____. The capacity of STM is limited but can be expanded by___related items of information.
Sensorymemory; focus of attention; chunking
The aspect of STM known as___is responsible for the manipulation and processing of information.
working memory
With____, information is transferred from short-term to long-term memory, especially when it is elaborative.
rehearsal
The existence of separate stores is supported by studies on the ___effect.
serial position
According to the levels-of-processing model, the___level represents the deepest levelof processing and produces teh greatest amount of recall.
semantic
Procedural memory stores information on_____while declarative memory mediates the acquisition of _____. One aspect of declarative memory, ___memory, contains common-sense knowledge and knowledge about language andthe rules of logic and inference. The other aspect,______memory, stores information about personal experiences.___memory is sometimes classified as a component of declarative memory and refers to the ability to remember to do things in the future.
how to do things; facts and other info; semantic; episodic; Prospective
According to Baddeley’s multi-component model, working memory consists of four components–the____,which acts as an “attentional control system” and coordinates the phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, and_____.
central executive; episodic buffer
Broadbent’s filter theory was the first “bottleneck” theory of attention and explains how information is transferred from_____.
sensory memory to STM
The accuracy of memory is affected by existing___, or cognitive structures that can bias the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.
schemas
Trace decay theory predicts that memories fade over time as the result of____.
disuse
Interference theory proposes that forgetting is due either to_______ interference, which occurs when newly-learned information inhibits previously learned information,or____ interference, which occurs when previously-learned information disrupts the learning or recall of subsequent material.
retroactive; proactive
Research on__learning has shown that recall of information is sometimes better when the learner is in the same emotional state during learning and recall.
state-dependent
Mnemonic devices arememory strategies and can be either visual or verbal. The___involves visually associating items with a series of places already in memory, while the____mnemonic entails forming a word from the first letters of the words or phrases to be remembered.
method of loci; acronym
According to Yerkes-Dodson Law,___levels of arousal maximize the efficiency of learning and performance.
moderate
