THERAPIES

Question 1

What is the history of western treatment?

Answer 1

• Bedlam/st. Mary of bethlehem
• -Patients tortured and mistreated
• -Treatments were put on public display
• -

Question 2

What are some cultural symbols, or rituals of curing?`

Answer 2

Shamanism (someone who has schizophrenia)
Ritual healing
dissociation of consciousness

Question 3

What are some Harmful Therapies?

Answer 3

Recovered memory therapy:
The idea that whatever someone is experiencing as an adult or adolescent is why they are experiencing what they are as an adult. Meaning things happen as a child that we don’t remember is why we are the way we are as adults.

• There is no evidence of recovered memory techniques working
• Issue is also that some people recover memories that didn’t even actually happen

Question 4

What is the critical incident stress debriefing?

Answer 4

A prevention approach

• example, something traumatic happens and then we try to prevent developing PTSD by tackling it right away.
• early intervention to prevent trauma down the line
• Turns out it actually makes it more likely that people will get PTSD down the line.

Question 5

What is rebirthing therapy?

Answer 5

• Born again to somehow help you navigate your current problems.
• Says issues start in the womb
• reenacts birth
• Ask the child to fight to be reborn

Question 6

What is scared straight therapy?

Answer 6

-Things like bringing kids to jail to scare them.

Question 7

What is conversion therapy?

Answer 7

-The idea that you can convert gay people to be straight

Question 8

What are the goals of major therapies?

Answer 8

• Diagnoses
• Etiology, If you know why something is happening then you’re more empowered to intervene or do something about it.
• Prognosis – an example of prognosis questions, what do we expect to happen, with treatment how long till it’ll go away?

Question 9

What is treatment?

Answer 9

What we do to improve people’s lives and whatever they are struggling with

Question 10

What are the biomedical therapies?

Answer 10

• Alter Brain functioning via chemical or physical interventions
• Surgery
• Electric Shock
• Magnetic stimulation
• Drugs

Question 11

What is psychotherapy?

Answer 11

-Psychotherapy seeks to change faulty behaviors, thoughts, perceptions, and emotions.

Question 12

What are the four different kinds of psychotherapies?

Answer 12

• Psychodynamic
• Behavioural - exposure therapy
• Cognitive - inaccurate Perceptions
• Humanistic - About human potential

Question 13

When is the label “patient” used?

Answer 13

-Used in the biomedical approach to treatment

Question 14

When is the label “Client” used?

Answer 14

-Used by clinicians who think of psychological disorders as problems in living.

Question 15

What is a therapeutic alliance?

Answer 15

• Relationship between patient and therapist

- -This is one of the main reasons people get sued.

Question 16

What are some facts about Psychoanalysis?

Answer 16

• Many problems are due to repressed childhood impulses and conflicts.
• Historical reconstruction to shed light on the presence - let’s look back at your childhood and reconstruct that to better understand the present and improve the present..
• Patient talks and analyst interprets (psychodynamic therapy)

Question 17

What are some psychodynamic therapies?

Answer 17

Free association

• Thoughts, wishes, physical sensations, and mental images as they occur.
• Just say a word and they respond with the first word that comes to mind.

Catharsis
-Expressing strongly felt but usually repressed emotions.

Resistance
-When topics are approached that bring discomfort

Dream analysis and interpretations
-Content can come out in dreams

Transference
-Means when a patient transfers their usual expectation of people in their lives to the therapist.

Countertransference
-Therapist having anxiety or resentment toward the patient because of a previous patient.

Defense Mechanisms
-Protect us from discomfort in our unconscious.

Question 18

What is behavior therapy? (behavior modification)

Answer 18

Applies principles of learning to increase or decrease the frequency of behaviors.

Question 19

What are some behavior therapies?

Answer 19

Desensitization - relaxation: CS becomes paired with relaxation instead of anxiety.

Prolonged exposure - Habituation to the conditioned stimulus.

Question 20

What is contingency management?

Answer 20

Behaviors are influenced by their consequences. (Rewards ex. Attention, Praise or food)

Question 21

What are some goals of cognitive therapies?

Answer 21

• Change false/unhelpful beliefs
• Change tendencies to see things negatively
• “Automatic” beliefs are frequently targeted

Question 22

What are some of the cognitive therapies that have been used?

Answer 22

Person-Centered Therapy

• Active Listening
• Non-directive
• Non-Judgmental
• Unconditional positive regard
• Empathy

GESTALT THERAPY

• Getting in touch with one’s self
• Owning feelings/fantasies
• Make the client “whole”

GROUP THERAPIES

• Marital and Family therapy
• Couple counseling
• Family Therapy
• • group therapy can be more beneficial because they’re both people there and more space for intervention

COMMUNITY SUPPORT GROUPS

• Self help groups
• AA, NA others.

Question 23

What are some drugs used to help with therapy?

Answer 23

Anitdepressant drugs -
Try to increase the availability of neopinephrine or serotonin.
SSRI- Selective serotonin reputable inhibitor (ex Prozac, Zoloft)
SNEI - Seratonin Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitr\

Antianxiety drugs -
Works by depressing CNS activity (INcreasing gaba)
ex. Valium, Librium. works in minutes instead of weeks such as antidepressants so people build up often a psychological dependence on these drugs cause they work so fast.

Question 24

What are some therapies of a last resort?

Answer 24

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

• limited to severely depressed patients.
• electrodes are placed on the head and they run an electric current through the brain and body.

BRAIN SURGERY
-cuts the corpus callosum in epilepsy.

Question 25

How do we know if therapy works?

Answer 25

Methods that are indenting cause and effect.

• Randomized controlled trials
• Experimental case designs (off-on-off-on-off)

Question 26

What is a simple off-on design?

Answer 26

Give a drug, see a change in symptoms, and they all better.

• KEEP IN MIND, You cannot just rely on this because of too many possible reasons for a good outcome. ex a placebo or even just spontaneous or natural remission.
• Regression to the mean - b/c things ebb and flow over time and people are most likely to seek help at a high point/ peak so it gunna get better with time.

Question 27

SO DOES therapy work?

Answer 27

Many therapies do work over 100 research-supported treatments to date.
Depression: Behavioural activation, interpersonal, cognitive-behavioral.

Various anxiety disorders:
Exposure, Behavioural and cognitive-behavioral

Borderline personality disorder:
Dialectical behavior therapy (Blend of cognitive-behavioral therapy with things such as acceptance and mindfulness)

Role of “common factors” :
Therapeutic alliance (relationship with the client)
Empathy (Better outcome)
Instilling hope
Active listening skills (Carl Rogers) (Humanistic Techniques)