Therapies

Question 1

Mahler’s Objective Relations Theory

Answer 1

Impact of early relationships with other people (objects) on personality development

Question 2

Cognitive Therapy

Question 3

Reminiscence Therapy

Answer 3

Life Review is an activity that helps elderly people come to terms with their lives and morality.

Question 4

Reality Therapy Approach

Answer 4

Reality therapy focuses on current issues affecting the client. The focus of therapy is on doing what is under the individual’s control. Action is at the core of this therapeutic intervention.

Useful for disorders that involve behavioral concerns: eating disorders, conduct disorders, substance use disorders, impulse control disorders, phobias, sexual disorders. Also used in conjunction with cognitive therapy alleviate depression and anxiety in early stages of treating personality disorders.

Techniques: behavioral contracting, rewards and punishments, homework assignments, modeling, assertiveness training, token economies, natural consequences, anchoring, role playing, skills training, satiation, flooding, aversion therapy, time outs, reinforcement schedules.

Question 5

Solution Focused Therapy

Answer 5

Client = expert
Therapist = collaborator
Solution focused

Question 6

Family Systems Therapy

Answer 6

Bowen. Genogram. Solving problems in the context of their family. Family works together. What happens to one, happens to all. Nuclear family and beyond.

Focuses on differentiation, emotional reactivity, modifying family relationships (e.g., detriangulation)

Question 7

Feminist Therapy

Answer 7

Empowerment and social change

Question 8

Survivor Therapy

Answer 8

Spousal/Partner abuse. Establish safety, re-empower client, validate client, healing.

Question 9

Narrative Therapy

Answer 9

Narrative therapy is a form of therapy that aims to separate the individual from the problem, allowing the individual to externalize their issues rather than internalize them. It relies on the individual’s own skills and sense of purpose to guide them through difficult times.

Question 10

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Answer 10

Borderline Personality Disorder. Behavioral, cognitive and supportive therapy techniques. Group therapy.

Question 11

Rational Emotive Therapy

Answer 11

Chain of events, ABC…
A = External event
B = Belief the individual has about A.
C = Emotion or behavior

Question 12

Gestalt Therapy

Answer 12

Gestalt therapy is experiential and existential, focusing on the client’s experience in the here-and-now, and bringing the past into the here-and-now. As clients increase present-centered awareness, unfinished business emerges, which is then dealt with to assist the client in living more fully in the present.

Developed by Fritz Perls. Focuses on “wholeness,” resolving “unfinished business,” grief, etc.

Technique: empty chair, confrontation, dream exploration, encouragement of awareness and responsibility; top dog / under dog; giving voice to physical sensations, nonverbal cues.

Used for: healthy people with physical symptoms, difficulty accessing feelings, mild to moderate anxiety and / or depression. Often combined with cognitive and behavioral approaches. .

Question 13

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 13

Based on Freudian principles: making the unconscious conscious, childhood experiences, dreams, defense mechanisms, interpretation, analysis of transference, exploration of dysfunctional patterns, client’s history to present concerns, interpersonal psychotherapy (analysis of focal relationship concerns).

Used for: brief approach can be effective for depression, anxiety, situational disorders reflecting repeated patterns; long-term approach can be useful with personality disorders and dissociative identity disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder.

Question 14

Biopsychosocial Model of Therapy

Answer 14

Biophysical, psychological and social all play an important role. Include broad range of influences when evaluating clients development and behavior.

This model suggests that biological and environmental factors have a strong influence on illness and should be taken into account when considering and treating a couple or family in therapy.

Question 15

Humanistic Approach

Answer 15

Person to person. Each individual person is unique. No framework. Opposite of psychodynamic.

Question 16

Cognitive Behavioral Approach

Answer 16

Developed by Aaron Beck. Focuses on identifying cognitive distortions and reframing as well as restructuring them.

Emphasis on self-talk, affirmations, mood logs / diaries, thought stopping, hypothesis testing, meditation, mood graphs, grids, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), etc.

Used for: depression, anxiety, mild, situational disorders, and as a part of treating personality disorders.

Question 17

Person-Centered

Answer 17

Based on work of Carl Rogers, who emphasized empathy, congruence (authenticity) and unconditional positive regard.

Techniques: active listening, reflection of content; reflection of feeling, clarification, summarization, modeling, rapport building, open-ended questions, support, encouragement.

Used for: mild and situational disorders involving self-esteem, self-confidence, goals, and direction.

Question 18

Existential Therapy

Answer 18

Focuses on helping clients find meaning and purpose; spirituality; clarification of options and choices; life review to discover accomplishments.

Technique: paradoxical intention (e.g., advising an insomniac to stay awake all night).

Used for: fairly healthy clients with mild to moderate depression and / or anxiety and for those seeking meaning as well as direction to their lives.

Question 19

Strategic Family Therapy

Answer 19

Focuses on disrupting symptom maintenance and feedback loop. Defines clearer hierarchies and boundaries

Question 20

Structural Family Therapy

Answer 20

Structural family therapy is a type of therapy that focuses on the interactions between family members.

Looking at the family as a system, structural family therapists work to improve communication between members of the family and encourage adjustments in the rules that govern how the family functions (its structure).

Question 21

Adlerian Therapy

Answer 21

Helpful for child-parent problems and family of origin issues. Focuses on inferiority, striving for superiority, social connectedness, social interest, life scripts, etc.

Techniques: examination of life script, interpretation, empowerment, encouragement, analysis of birth order and family constellation, early recollections, “spitting in client’s soup,” natural and logical consequences, development of social interest.

Used for: moderate-high level functioning clients who need insight and awareness.

Question 22

Experiential Therapy

Answer 22

Important names: Satir and Whitaker.

Focuses on direct, clear communication as well as individual and family growth through shared experiences. Uncovers “family rules”.

Question 23

Behavioral Social Exchange

Answer 23

Focuses on rewarding adaptive behavior and not rewarding maladaptive behavior.

Question 24

Narrative Therapy

Answer 24

This allows the client to write feelings and thoughts that may have never been expressed otherwise to individuals who may have caused the client pain or suffering in the past.

Question 25

HRT Habit Reversal Training

Answer 25

Habit reversal training (HRT) is an evidence-based highly effective behavioral therapy for people with unwanted repetitive behaviors or habits. HRT works on behaviors such as: tics, hair pulling, nail biting, and skin picking to name a few, and is appropriate for people at any age. Has also be used in treatment for depression, smoking, gambling problems, anxiety, procrastination, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and other behavioral problems. 5 parts: 1. **Awareness training: **brings attention to the behavior so the person can gain better self-control and awareness. 2. **Competing response training: **you will work with your therapist to come up with a different behavior to replace the old unwanted behavior and practice performing this new behavior. 3. **Motivation and compliance: **you may make a list of all the problems that were caused by the behavior to remind you of the importance of sticking with it. 4. **Relaxation training: **habits or tics can be common when a person is under stress, it can be helpful to learn relaxation skills 5.** Generalization training: **you will practice your new skills in a number of different situations so the new behavior becomes automatic.

Question 26

What is WDEP in reality therapy?

Answer 26

* W wants: What the individual wants * D doing: What the individual is doing to progress * E evaluation: Assessing the effectiveness of the individual’s behavior * P planning: Plan a course of action to change behavior

Question 27

Interpersonal therapy

Answer 27

Interpersonal psychotherapy is a brief, attachment-focused psychotherapy that centers on resolving interpersonal problems and symptomatic recovery. Therapists are active, non-neutral, supportive, hopeful, and offer options for change. The key initial need of this client is to connect and relate personally to the therapist.

Question 28

Contextual Therapy

Answer 28

The main goals of contextual therapy is to help people build better relationships. An interpersonal and systemic based style of therapy. Based in the foundational roots of forgiveness, ethics, fairness, and morality, Contextual Therapy also bridges intergenerational healing, reconciliation ,and acknowledgement into the practice.

Question 29

Bowen Family System Theory

Answer 29

Bowen Family System Theory views the family as a total emotional unit and is interconnected with family members being interdependent. One person's functioning is dependent upon all family members thought, feeling and actions.

Question 30

Filial Therapy

Answer 30

Psychoeducational family intervention in which the therapist trains and supervises parents as they hold special child-centered play sessions with their own children, thereby engaging parents as partners in the therapeutic process and empowering them to be the primary change agents for their children.

Question 31

ABCDE steps in REBT

Answer 31

* Activating event (induces the stress) * Belief (what the client thinks about the event) * Consequences (how the individual responses to the event) * Disputing of the irrational belief (attempting to replace negative irrational beliefs with positive rational ones) * Effect (the new beliefs if REBT has been effective)

Question 32

CISD Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

Answer 32

CISD focuses on helping people cope with a traumatic event's immediate aftermath and does not provide long-term treatment for PTSD. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) is ineffective in treating PTSD because it does not address the underlying causes of PTSD, such as trauma and the associated negative emotions.

Question 33

cognitive processing therapy

Answer 33

A specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy that has been effective in reducing symptoms of PTSD.

Question 34

Transgenerational Therapy

Answer 34

Transgenerational family therapy focuses on change within individuals and couples. The counselor does not typically see the whole family system. Instead, individuals are often targeted for treatment, even though the emphasis of this approach is systemic

Question 35

Communication Therapy

Answer 35

Teaches new skills so client can communicate in a more effective and healthier manner to get what they want in their relationships.

Question 36

Emotion Focused Therapy

Answer 36

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is a therapeutic approach based on the premise that emotions are key to identity. According to EFT, emotions are also a guide for individual choice and decision making. This type of therapy assumes that lacking emotional awareness or avoiding unpleasant emotions can cause harm.

Question 37

Common Terms in Adlerian Therapy

Answer 37

* **Basic Mistakes:** Faulty perceptions or attitudes from the past that do not fit into yourcurrent life. * **Fictional Finalism:** Mental image of the person we would like to become. * **Holism:** Seeing people as integrated beings rather than a set of personality traits. * **Inferiority feelings:** Attempts to compensate for imagine or real inferiorities. * **Life tasks:** All humans face and have to solve tasks universal to life: realtionships, work, and intimacy * **Style of life:** How person thinks and acts and the framework that we see the world through that determines our personality. * **Compensation:** Tendency to make up for inferiority. * **Over-compensation:** Impulse to do extra to make up for intense feeling of inferioity. * **Feeling of community:** recoginizing connection of all people.

Question 38

Parent Management Training

Answer 38

Parent Management Training is an intervention used specifically to treat children and adolescents with oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behaviors. PMT is based upon operant conditioning. PMT involves teaching parents techniques to help their children improve behaviors and learn new skills. PMT, like applied behavior analysis (ABA), is focused on teaching socially significant or socially important behaviors and skills to improve the quality of life of the identified client.