THERAPEUTIC MODIFICATION OF NORMAL DIET FOR COMMON AILMENTS CH 8 Flashcards
Explain diarrhoea
It is a common disease and very often it gets out of control.
SYMPTOMS:-
1J Loose watery, unformed stools at frequent intervals
2) Prolonged diarrhoea can lead to dehydration, dry mouth, dry skin and parched feeling.
3) State of dehydration among malnourished children can be serious and will require timely medical interventions.
CAUSES OF DIARRHOEA:-
1) It is a cause by poor personal and food hygiene.
2) The onset of diarrhoea is related to the consumption of infected food.
3) Body’s natural mechanism is able to reject contaminants in a short while.
4) Spicy food consumption often results in diarrhoea.
5) Frequent travelers are prone to diarrhoea. Travellers diarrhoea can be prevented by consuming externally safe food and water.
What are the types of diarrhoea
Diarrhoea can be :- 1) Acute Diarrhoea
2) Chronic Diarrhoea
1) ACUTE DIARRHOEA is caused by the consumption of infected food and is self-limiting. Individual comes back to normal state in 2-3 days.
2) CHRONIC DIARRHOEA takes longer to get controlled. There is a lot of fluid and electrolyte loss. This diarrhoea causes extreme weakness. It is serious and often requires medical treatment as well as diet modification.
What are the diet modifications during diarrhoea
Water is the first and most important food component to keep kept in mind. Clean and safe water is of utmost importance. Consumption of liquids and fluids like ORS, nimbu pain, clear soup, and given broth are beneficial.
Protein foods that are easy to digest can be given to the patient. Plain washed and well cooked moong dal is good for the diarrhoea patient. Small amount of paneer and cheese spread can also be included in the meal.
Fats and fatty foods should be restricted. Meals low in fats are easy to digest and assimilate. Water soluble vitamins and mineral get depleted due to diarrhoea. They need to be replenished soon.
Freshly made fruit juice and nimbu pain in small amounts will provide the much needed vitamin c to the person suffering for, diarrhoea. Fresh lemon juice with Salt and sugar provides the sodium, potassium minerals and energy to the sick person.
Probiotic foods bring about balance of intestinal flora which gets disturbed due to antibiotic induced digestive disturbances l
Explain fever
The body temperature remains at 37 degree C in summers as well as winters. The body temperature is controlled by hypothalamus. Fever is also called PYREXIA.
SYMPTOMS:-
1) The individual may complain of headache, faster breathing, flushing and shivering.
2) The body temperature fluctuates from normal. High grade fever makes the individual weak and rundown.
3) High fever can cause rigours, confusion, delirium, convulsions and seizures.
CAUSES OF FEVER:-
1) Fever is caused by bacterial/viral infection.
2) Non-infectious fever can be caused due to dehydration.
3) The onset of fever may start with shivering, flushed face and cold clammy feet.
4) The rise in body temperature is due to the imbalance between the heat produced in the body and the heat released from the body.
What are the dietary modifications during fevers
Calories and energy requirements increase by 4% - 7% for every degree rise in body temperature. Easily digestible cereal, rice, and custard preparation will fulfill the calorie needs. Bread, biscuits and chapatti can also be eaten.
Proteins, easily digestible protein foods should be consumed. Dal soup, soft cooked dal and egg preparation will provide the protein required. It will help in the repair of worn out tissues and the patient will soon recover.
Fats intake has to be on the conservative side. Well cooked food with little fat will keep the digestive tract lubricated and avoid constipation.
Vitamins one needs more vitamin C and B groups vitamins for healing and recovery.
Mineral like sodium is provided by the salt intake. The quantity of salt however should be just right neither low nor high. Iron is needed to check anemia.
Water plenty of water and other fluids Chechy dehydration due to fever. Water also produces cooling effect when the fever is the high.
Explain diabetes
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that prevents the body from using the dietary glucose effectively.
TYPES OF DIABETES:-
1) DIABETES INSIPIDUS: a) Type 1
2) DIABETES MELLITUS: b)Type 2
DIABETES INSIPIDUS - It is caused due to the failure of the pituitary gland to produce hormone called ADH. Absence of this hormone leads to :
POLYUREA - A person having diabetes insipidus may pass out 5-20 litres of urine/day.
POLYDIPSIA - This condition calls for monitoring the water intake and output. Imbalance of water intake and output in extreme cases can lead to dehydration, stupor and coma.
SYMPTOMS:-
1) Excessive urine, thirst and fatigue.
2) Raised blood glucose level
3) Glucose/sugar in urine can also be checked by a pathological test.
4) Poor health status
What are the causes of diabetes mellitus
1) Due to the deficiency of insulin secreted by the pancreas.
2) Insulin is responsible for the absorption of glucose. The glucose is later converted by cells to energy. Low insulin level and inability to store glucose increases the blood sugar level leading to:
i) POLYUREA
ii) POLYDIPSIA
iii) WEIGHT LOSS
iv) HUNGER AND FATIGUE
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is common between the ages of 10-16 years. It is due to the destruction of insulin secreting cells of pancreas. As a result there is very low or no secretion of insulin.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is common among individuals 40 year onwards. Diabetes mellitus is a hereditary disease. However not all with diabetic genes get the disease.
Define hypertension by WHO
WHO defines hypertension as a blood pressure that is constantly exceeding 160/95mm Hg.
1) The normal blood pressure is 100/80mmHg
2) Border line hypertension is 140/90mmHg
3) Higher blood pressure is 160/95mmHg onwards.
The elderly person may have a higher systolic blood pressure due to old age.
What are some blood measuring gadgets?
1) traditional
2) digital wrist model
3) compact blood pressure monitor
What are the symptoms of hypertension
1J Headache
2) Shortness of breath
3) Failing memory
4) Giddiness
5) Pain over the heart area
6) Gastrointestinal disturbance
7) Fatigue and tiredness
8) Visual disturbance
What are the causes of hypertension?
1) It is due to the resistance of blood flow in big and small blood vessels. Very often the blood vessels get thickened and rigid with age and hence the hypertension
2) High salt intake increases factor for hypertension
3) Obesity is a pure-disposing factor for hypertension
4) Sedentary life result in obesity and subsequent hypertension
5) Excess alcohol consumption is a per-disposing factor for hypertension
6) High social and occupational pressures to lead to hypertension
7) Modern generation is more prone to hypertension
What is the therapeutic dietary modification during hypertension
1) Avoid high salt consumption. Check the intake of pickles and savouries
2) Restrict salt intake in salads and raita
3) Reduce / it out drinking and smoking
4) Increase the amount of fruits, vegetables, fish and low fat milk
5) Decrease the intake of fats and fat rich foods
6) Weight loss is desirable
7) Moderate physical activity is essential and healthy lifestyle should be adopted
