Essentials Of Meal Planning Ch 5

Question 1

What are the two types of families?

Answer 1

Providing healthy meals to the family has always been a major task for a housewife. Present day housewife has to be well informed and better organised to provide nutritional family meals in her busy multi-tasking schedule. Family is a unit consisting of men, women and children. There are two types of families:- 1) NUCLEAR FAMILY, 2) JOINT FAMILY

Question 2

What is a nuclear family?

Answer 2

Nuclear Family consists of husband, wife and their children. Currently nuclear families are more popular because of people taking up jobs in different cities and countries.

Question 3

What is a joint family?

Answer 3

Joint family consists of grandparents and their children. These children live in the family even after marriage. As the families grow, more children are added. Hence fourth it is like a couple of nuclear families living together.

Question 4

What is food?

Answer 4

Food can be defined as any thing solid or liquid when consumed and metabolised keeps the body fit and healthy. It can also be defined as any substance whether processed, partially processed or in its natural form, that is intended for human consumption. Foods keeps one healthy and active.

Question 5

What are nutrients?

Answer 5

Nutrients are “ small components of food that are consumed daily to keep healthy”. The various nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.

Question 6

What are the two types of vitamins?

Answer 6

1) Fat soluble vitamins ADE and K
2) Water soluble vitamins: B-gp vitamins and vitamin C

Question 7

Define nourishment?

Answer 7

Nourishment is defined as “ the processing of different nutrients to provide easily utilised materials to keep the body healthy”.

Question 8

Define nutrition

Answer 8

Nutrition is defined “ as the process of ingestion, digestion and assimilation of foods in the human body”.

Question 9

Define RDA

Answer 9

The RDA can be defined “ as the nutrients present in the diet which satisfy the daily requirements of all individuals in a population “. This implies to additional safety factor that allows for losses during cooking. Hence, one can say that the RDA= actual nutrient requirement +safety factor.

Question 10

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 10

A diet containing all the RDAs for any individual is called a balanced diet.

Question 11

Define balanced diet

Answer 11

Balanced diet can be defined as “ a diet that consists of different types of of foods in such quantities and proportions, that the need of protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals is adequately met and a small provision is made for extra nutrients to withstand short duration of leanness”.

Question 12

What is the calorie contribution desired from a balanced diet

Answer 12

The calorie contribution desired from a balanced diet should be - 1) carbohydrate-60%, b) proteins - 10%, 3) fats - 30%

Question 13

What are the five food groups?

Answer 13

The five food groups devised by the INDIAN COUNCIL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH(ICMR) is:
Food group 1 - Cereals, grains, roots and tubers.
Food group 2 - Pulses and legumes.
Food group 3 - Milk, meat and their products.
Food group 4 - Fruits and vegetables
Food group 5 - Fats and sugars.

Question 14

Give the importance of food groups.

Answer 14

The importance of food groups are as follows:-
1) Food groups help one to realise the significance of balanced diet and its relation to good health. A deviation from good health will need professional dietary help. Food groups form the basis of assessment of one’s nutritional status. The dietitians provide suitable advise after checking the nutritional status .
2) Nutritional counselling can be provided after the assessment. Patient will be provided professional advise and change in diet plan. Qualified and trained dietitian can advise the patient to carefully use the appropriate foods from different groups to get back to normal health.
3) Right understanding and correct use of food groups helps one to correct dietary deficiencies and excesses.
4) It helps a homemaker to plan meals with in the budget.
5) It will help in checking wastage of nutrients e.g., derive calories from carbohydrates and spare the proteins for repair of workout tissues and building of new tissues.
6) It helps in deriving calories from carbohydrates and sparing the proteins.

Question 15

What is a food pyramid?

Answer 15

A food pyramid is an important graphic tool that enables one to understand the way the foods can be included to keep the general population fit and healthy. Regular exercise is essential to maintain health.

Question 16

What are the factors influencing food selection?

Answer 16

Food selection is of utmost importance. There is always a tussle between the food produced and the growing population on India. The government of India is trying its best to increase production with improved seeds, better agricultural techniques, so that the dietary needs of the entire population are adequately met. The selection of food is largely dependent upon the following factors:-
1) Availability of food
2) Family food habits
3) Individual preferences
4) cultural practices
5) Purchasing power
6) Peer pressure
7) Role of media

Question 17

What are fats or lipids?

Answer 17

These are important part of our diet. Like carbohydrates, they are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, but have more atoms of carbon and hydrogen that oxygen. Fats are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like petrol, chloroform, carbon, tetrachloride etc . A molecule of fat consists of three molecules of fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol. It is Also known as TRIGLYCERIDES.

Question 18

What are fats and oil?

Answer 18

Fats and oil have many types of triglycerides. Nature of fat or oil depends on the type fatty acids attached to glycerol molecule.

Question 19

Give the difference between and fat and oil.

Answer 19

FATS:- 1) Fat is obtained from animals I.e., butter, ghee, yolk of egg, meat,etc.
2) Fat solids at 20 C temperature
3) Fats have saturated fatty acids
OIL:- 1) Oils are normally obtained from seeds like mustard, ground nuts, almond, and olives, etc.
2) Oil is liquid at 20 C temperature
3) Oils have unsaturated fatty acids

Question 20

Define meal planning?

Answer 20

Meal planning can be defined as “ the process of planning and scheduling meals to meet all general as well as specific need to different family members”.