Theory and models

Question 1

Finkelhor developed the fout preconditions of abuse model.
What are the four preconditions?

Answer 1

Motivation
sexual arousal, power and control, emotional issues, or psychological abnormalities
Internal Inhibitions:
moral or ethical beliefs, empathy for the victim, fear of consequences, or personal values that discourage sexual violence
External Inhibitions
Access to potential victims, opportunities for privacy or secrecy, social or cultural norms that condone or minimize sexual abuse, and lack of oversight or supervision
Victim Vulnerability
Age, developmental stage, dependency on the perpetrator, lack of knowledge or awareness about healthy relationships and boundaries, previous experiences of trauma or abuse, or social and environmental factor

Question 2

How can finkelhors model be applied to internet offenders?

Answer 2

Motivation: Internet offenders may be motivated by similar factors as offline offenders, including sexual arousal, power and control, or emotional issues
Internal Inhibitions: Some internet offenders may lack internal inhibitions against engaging in online sexual exploitation due to factors such as anonymity, perceived anonymity, or a sense of detachment from the consequences of their actions.
External Inhibitions: The internet provides a range of external inhibitions that can facilitate online sexual exploitation, including easy access to potential victims
Victim Vulnerability: Children who use the internet may be particularly vulnerable to online sexual exploitation due to factors such as their age, limited understanding of online risks, desire for attention or validation, and lack of parental supervision or guidance.

Question 3

How can Finkelhors model be used for law enforcement?

Answer 3

Understanding Offender Behavior
Risk Assessment and Prioritization
Resource Allocation and Funding Requests
Public Awareness and Education
Multi-Agency Collaboration and Partnerships

Question 4

What are the 5 stages of grooming?

Answer 4

Targeting
Gaining Trust
Establishing Emotional Connection
Secrecy and Securing Compliance
Sexual Abuse and Maintenance of Control

Question 5

What is the definition of grooming?

Answer 5

Grooming is the process of manipulating and befriending a child or vulnerable person to gain their trust, often with the intention of later exploiting them sexually or emotionally.

Question 6

Tony Krone lists nine types based on the “Type of Offending.” List and briefly describe each of these types.

Answer 6

Collectors
Distributors
Traders
Producers
Collectors and Distributors
Commercial Offenders
Contact Offenders
Non-Contact Offenders
Fantasy Offenders

Question 7

What is Coopers Tripple A engine?

Answer 7

Aframework for understanding the factors that contribute to criminal behavior, particularly in the context of online offending. The model consists of three components:
accessibility
affordability
anonymity.

Question 8

Explain the Four S’s and what they mean

Answer 8

individuals predisposed to child sex offending:

“Start” refers to the initial stage of the offending behavior.
“Sustain” refers to the continuation or maintenance of the offending behavior over time.
“Secours” is a French term that translates to “help” or “assistance.
“Satisfaction” refers to the gratification or pleasure that the offender derives from their offending behavior.

Question 9

Wayne Moran lists 5 types of Offending.”
List and briefly describe each of these types.

Answer 9

Low-Level Offenders
Situational Offenders
Intensifying Offenders (escalate from little to more)
Exclusive Offenders
Travelers

Question 10

Explain the Four D’s and what they mean

Answer 10

individuals who were not previously predisposed to child sex offending

“Discover” stage involves the initial exposure to or encounter with child sexual material or opportunities.
“Decide” stage, the individual makes a conscious decision to further engage with child sexual material or activities
“Deepen” stage involves an escalation or intensification of the individual’s engagement with illegal or harmful activities
“Destroy” stage may result in significant harm to themselves and others

Question 11

What are the four C’s for Classifying online risk? Explain this

Answer 11

The “Four C’s” is a framework used to understand and address the factors that contribute to child sexual exploitation and abuse.

Content ( exposed to voilent, disinformation, porn, hatefull content)
Contact (experiences stalking, herassment, grooming)
Conduct (child witnesses, participated in or is victim of peer conduct)
Contract (exploited by id theft, fraud, gambling, sexual exploitation)