Theories of the brain

Question 1

what were the three theories ofg theb brain

Answer 1

brain versus heart debate. the mind-body problem, phrenology

Question 2

what are theories of the brain

Answer 2

scientific and non-scientific approaches to understanding the role of the brain in mental processes and behaviour

Question 3

when was the brain-heart debate

Answer 3

c475 BCE - c1650

Question 4

when was the mind-body probllemn

Answer 4

c1650-now

Question 5

when was phrenology

Answer 5

1796-c1840s

Question 6

brain versus heart debate

Answer 6

a historical debate as to whether the heart or the brain is responsible for mental processes, such as thought, emotion and behaviour

Question 7

egyptian view on brain vs heart debate

Answer 7

first written account of the brain, believed that the brain held no purpose as it was discarded after death, not preserved like other organsd

Question 8

hippocrates, greek philosophers and herophilus on brain vs heart debate

Answer 8

took the brain side of the debate as they had advanced klnowledge of the brain by scientifically dissecting bodies and recording their findings

Question 9

heart side of the brain vs heart debate

Answer 9

heart is the source of all thoughts, feelings and behaviours, brain held no purpose

Question 10

brain hypothesis of heart vs brain debate

Answer 10

the brain was the source of all thoughts, feelings and behaviours

Question 11

what is the overall conclusion of the brain vs heart debate

Answer 11

brain hypothesis bbut acknowledges that the heart can also affect our thoughts, feelings behaviours

Question 12

the mind-body problem

Answer 12

involves the question of whether our mind and body are distinct, seperate entities or whether they are one and the same thing

Question 13

dualism

Answer 13

the belief that the human mind and body are seperate and distinguishable from one another, the mind is non-physical whereas the body is made up of physical matter

Question 14

monism

Answer 14

the belief that the human mind and body are together a singular complete entity

Question 15

mind

Answer 15

our thoughts, conciousnmess and mental processes, non-physical

Question 16

body

Answer 16

structure of our brain and neurons that is made up of - physical

Question 17

phrenology

Answer 17

the study of the shape and size of the human skull to determine personailt and mental functioning,

Question 18

who was the founder of phrenology

Answer 18

Franz Joseph Gall, german physician

Question 19

galls view

Answer 19

different mental functions are in different parts of the brain, known as localisation of function in the brain

Question 20

what were galls three principles

Answer 20

1. a persons faculties, intellectual abilities and personality traits depend on the organisation of their brain 2. the brain is made up of many organs, each of which was responsible for a different mental faculity 3. external form of the skull represents the internal form of the brain

Question 21

what were vthe first brain experiments

Answer 21

ablation, leisioning, split brain experiments and neuroimaging

Question 22

brain ablation

Answer 22

the surgical removal of parts of the brain

Question 23

who was pierre flourens

Answer 23

was asked to investigate phrenology, he removed brain tissue in animals and then observed changes in their behaviour

Question 24

lesioning

Answer 24

natural or experimentally damaged tissue of the brain used to study portions of the brain

Question 25

who was Karl Lashley

Answer 25

physcologist who used ablation on animals, taught animals taks then used brain lesioning to see whether memory loss occured - discovered that learning and memeory are situated throughout the brain

Question 26

phineas cage and what was concluded from him

Answer 26

man who lost his frontal lobe and lived, before he was honest anjd dependable after he was aggressive and uncaring, concluded that part of the brain removed controlled certain behaviours

Question 27

cerebral hemisphered

Answer 27

the symmetrical healves of the cerebrum in the brain

Question 28

corpus callosum

Answer 28

bundle of nerve fibers that connect the two hemisphjeres

Question 29

split brain exp[eriments

Answer 29

involves surgically cutting strands of the nerve tissue in the corpus callosum to disconnect the two hemisphered

Question 30

what did split brain experiments show

Answer 30

visual and motor movements are processed contralatterally and provided evidence of hemispheric specialisation

Question 31

hemispheric specialisation

Answer 31

difference in functioning between the left and right hemispheres of the brain when performing a specific behaviour or task

Question 32

who was roger sperry

Answer 32

studied patients who had undergone split brain surgery

Question 33

who was split brain surgery performed on

Answer 33

people with epilepsy to stop seizures

Question 34

left hemisphere function

Answer 34

movement of right side of body, language, logic and planning

Question 35

right hemisphere function

Answer 35

movement of left side of the body, emotional recognition, creativity and imagination