Neuroimaging techniques and the role of brain structures

Question 1

what are neuroimaging techniques

Answer 1

a range of techniques used to capture images of the brains structure, function and activity, used to provide info on brain injury or damage including location and severity

Question 2

two types of neuroimaging techniques

Answer 2

structural and functional

Question 3

purpose/function of structural neuroimaging techniques

Answer 3

obtain images of the anatomy of the brain, provide info on what the brain looks like and the physical composition

Question 4

functional neuroimaging techniques

Answer 4

view the brain live during a response provide info on brain activty and structure

Question 5

what are the functional neuroimaging techniques

Answer 5

positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging

Question 6

PET stands for

Answer 6

positron emission tomography

Question 7

fMRI stands for

Answer 7

functional magnetic resonance imaging

Question 9

MRI stands for

Answer 9

magnetic resonance imaging

Question 10

CT stands for

Answer 10

computerised tomography

Question 11

CT obtains

Answer 11

two dimensional x ray images of a persons brain

Question 12

MRI

Answer 12

uses magnetic and radio feilds to provide 3 aqnd 2 d images

Question 13

fMRI

Answer 13

uses magnetic and radio feilds to take coloured 2d and 3d images nof the brain and record its activity levels

Question 14

PET

Answer 14

using a scanning device to take colopured images of the brain showing functional activity by tracing the levels of a radioactive substance in thye brain

Question 15

what structures of the brain are required to know

Answer 15

amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia, cerebellum and neocortex

Question 16

where is the amygdala located

Answer 16

within the temporal lope, in the middle of the brain and is often described as being a small almond shape structure

Question 17

amygdfala function

Answer 17

processing emotions and memories associated with fear, may be a beneficial or harmful fear response, recieves sensory information from the environment and interperetes its emotional significance

Question 18

larger amygdala means

Answer 18

general anxiety disorders in adolescents

Question 19

what is the amygdalas role in memory

Answer 19

strengthens the consolidation of memeories with emotional significance, contributingt to the formation of long term memories

Question 20

how is the amygdalas memory formation adaptive

Answer 20

if we remeber something as previously fear inducing, we avoid it for safety

Question 21

location of the hippocampus

Answer 21

in the middle of the brain, near the amygdala, in the temporal lobe, has a seahorse shape

Question 22

function of the hippocampus

Answer 22

plays an important role in the process of learning and the formation of new memories, it helps to consolidate the explicit aspects of emotionally signicant memories

Question 23

explicit aspects

Answer 23

aka explicit/declarative memories meaning they can be declared or stated to someone else (e.g. date/location/time)

Question 24

memory formation in amygdala vs hipocampus

Answer 24

amygdala: how you felt hippocampus: location, time, date

Question 25

basal ganglia location

Answer 25

right behind the frontal lobe

Question 26

basal ganglia function

Answer 26

encode and store procedural memories, focuses on encoding a storing responses/behaviours in a situation, this storing process is facilitated by the cerebellum

Question 27

procedural memories

Answer 27

memories related to performing specific tasks or skills (e.g riding bike), these memories become ingrained in our behaviour, often without conscious awareness forming uncousious habits/bahaviours

Question 28

cerebellum function

Answer 28

monitor and coordinate skeletal muscle movement, involved in maintaining balance and posture and controls voluntaring movements involving procedures or sequences

Question 29

how does the cerebellum operate

Answer 29

cerebellum recieves info about the position of the body in space and plneed motor movements, from other brain regions, then uses this info to calculate how to move fluidly and smoothly. it then communicates this motor info to the skeletal muscles, which carry out the motor movement

Question 30

neocortex structure/location

Answer 30

complex structure covering the outer layer of the brain

Question 31

neocortex function

Answer 31

responsiible for encoding, storing and retrieving explicit memories

Question 32

explicit memories in the context of the neocortex

Answer 32

memories that can be voluntarily retrieved from long term memory and brought into concious awareness, can be declared or stated to someone else