THEORIES OF STUTTERING DEVELOPMENT Flashcards
Puts together findings in a systematic way so that past phenomena are explained and future ones are predicted
theory
set of formal hypotheses about the etiology or the cause of stuttering
stuttering theories
A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a stating point for further investigation
hypothesis
What causes Stuttering?
There are no exact cause but there are a lot of contributing factors
true or false
Stuttering is a complex disorder composed of few levels or factors.
false
MANY levels or factors
One sign of the competent clinician is that ____
he or she does not casually provide an answer to the question of etiology
age of onset
2-4
earlier theoretical perspectives of stuttering etiology
- form of punishment for win on the part of the child/parent
- moses was a person who stuttered
- record of egyptians (nitnit)
- narrative from the middle kingdom of egypt (the tale of the shipwrecked sailor”
- problem with anatomical structure
- Johann Dieffenbach’s operations
- demosthenes’ use of pebbles
nitnit or njtnjt means
“to talk hesitantly”
theories explaining onset of stuttering
Psychological
Physiological
Learning
Multifactorial
Suggesting that stuttering behaviors are a symptom indicative of an underlying psychological or emotional neurotic conflict
pscyhological theories
told to place pebbles under his tongue and practice speaking loudly to the sea
demosthenes
In this view, they see stuttering as a psychological problem
pscyhoanalytic
a psychopathology and that the overt stuttering behaviors are symptomatic of a deep-seated psychological disorder
stuttering
Another term for neurotic or psychoanalytic explanation of stuttering
repressed need hypothesis
Stuttering to gain attention, sympathy or to avoid responsibilities
repressed need hypothesis
Fixation of psychological development at an oral or anal stage of infant sexual development
psychosexual
learning theories
Diagnosogenic
Anticipatory Struggle
Classical and Operant Conditioning
At or near the onset of stuttering the speaker learns that speaking is difficult and subsequently learns to anticipate stuttering and struggles when attempting to produce fluent speech
learning theories
Stuttering is a learned behavior
learning theories: Anticipatory Struggle
what does Zeitgeist mean
trend
A belief that stuttering is caused by the misdiagnosis of typical dysfluencies as stuttering
diagnosogenic theory
if you continuously point out to someone na nagsstutter siya, mas dumadami stuttering nila
monster theory
Stuttering, therefore, is created by the listener as normal breaks in fluency are shaped into stuttering
diagnosogenic theory
Proposes that stuttering emerges from a child’s experiences of frustration and failure when trying to talk
anticipatory-struggle model
This view also proposes that stuttering develops from the normal fluency breaks produced by young children
continuity hypothesis
true of false
according to the continuity hypothesis, the development of stuttering is a consequence of the child’s trying to avoid normal fluency breaks that have been mislabeled
false, NOT a consequence but as tension and fragmentation increase especially for part-word repetitions, the pattern becomes chronic and the child is more likely to be e identified as someone who stutters