theories of punishment

Question 1

deterence

Answer 1

punishing the individual discourages them from furture offending.
“making an example” of them also serves as a deterrent to the public

Question 2

rehabilitation

Answer 2

punishment can be used to reform or change offenders so they no longer offend

Question 3

incapacitation

Answer 3

use of punishment to remove the offenders capacity to offend again

Question 4

AO2: Norwegian prisons

Answer 4

• 21 year sentence maximum
• all prisoners will be released
• support prisoners after release

this lowers the rate of re-offending

Question 5

who spoke about retributive and restitutive justice?

Answer 5

durkheim

Question 6

retributive justice

Answer 6

society is held toegther between similarities between people. when this is broken, punishment is severe and expressive

Question 7

restitutive justice

Answer 7

crime damages interdependance, so it’s necessary to repair the damage to restore things to how they were before the offence

this restores society’s equilibrium

Question 8

AO3

Answer 8

in the UK and Australia the offender may be forced to meet the family of the victim

Question 9

how do marxists see imprisonment?

Answer 9

As part of the RSA (repressive state apparatus) it is a means of defending ruling class property against lower classes

Question 10

Rusche and Kirchheimer

Answer 10

argue each type of economy has it’s own corresponding penal system; under capitalism, imprisonment becomes the dominant form of punishment

Question 11

how many prisoners does the US have?

Answer 11

2.2 million

Question 12

how many are under supervision in the US?

Answer 12

5 million

Question 13

Garland:mass incarceration

Answer 13

when statistics reach extreme levels, like in the US, it’s no longer about individual punishment, but imprisoning whole groups of people

for example black youths