gender and crime Flashcards
Pollack: Chivalry thesis
women are treated more leniently by the police, less likely to be stop and searched and less likely to get custodial sentences
Flood-Page et al
found only 1 in 11 females self reported offenders had been cautioned or prosecuted, compared to 1 in 7 more self reported offenders
heindensohn: double deviance
deviance 1 - the deviant act
deviance 2 - breaking the norms of being female
why does double deviance increase the likelihood of harsher sentences?
as it’s a break from traditional and stereotypes so it is seen as worse e.g lucy letby
Carlen: class deal
women who work will be offered material rewards and decent standard of living
Carlen: gender deal
patriarchal ideology promises women material and emotional rewards from family life by conforming to the norms and values of conventional domestic gender role
how is the class deal broken?
because they are working class and stuck in poverty
how was the gender deal broken?
because of abusive relationships, domestic violence or time spent in care
what crimes does this lead to?
prostitution, drug and alcohol abuse and addiction
AO3
- small sample so cannot generalise
- unrepresentative to w/c girls
smart: double standards
double standards exist becayse the CJS is patriarchal , shown in rape cases
walklate
in rape cases it is not the defendant who is on trial but the victim, since she has to prove her respectability in order to have her evdience accepted
parsons: sex role theory
the traditional nuclear family structure means that boys will lack a positive male role model and reject feminine model behaviours, so they masculinity through agression and anti-social behaviour
AO3: walklate
criticise sex role theory for it’s assumptions - men could be better at the expressive role
heidensohn: control in the home
women who reject their roles of housework and childcare may face imposition by force, DV - reduces time to commit crime
heidensohn: control in public
women are controlled in public places by the threat or fear of male violence against them, especially sexual violence
what percentage of women avoid going out after dark?
54%
Heidensohn: control at work
womens behaviour at work is controlled by male supervisors and managers
how does the glass ceiling prevent female crime?
it prevents women from engaging in major white collar crime
Alder
as women become liberated from patriarchy, their crime becomes as serious and frequent as men, women begin to adopt ‘male roles’ in work and crime
messerschmidt: hegemonic masculinity
masculinity is an accomplishment that men constantly work at constructing and presenting to others
example of hegemonic masculinity in black w/c youths
black w/c youths may have low expectations of a reasonable job and may use going membership and violence to express their masculinity
example of hegemonic masculinity in white middle class youths
white m/c youths have to subordinate themselves to teachers in order to achieve middle class status, leading to accomdating their masculinity in school - outside they take the opposite for, drinking, vandalising
examples of hegemonic masculiniy in white w/c youths
white w/c youths have less chance of academic success to construct masculinity around sexist attitudes and oppsing authority
