ethnicity and crime Flashcards
PACE
police may stop, detain and search any person or vehcile in a public place as long as the officier has ‘reasonable grounds’
How much more likely are BAME to be stop and searched?
7 times more likely
what is the problem with PACE?
extremely vague and subjective
phillips and bowling
BAME are more likely to think they are over-policed and under protected
hoyle
found that black people’s chances of involvement with tasers was 18 in 10,000 compared to 6 in 10,000 for white people
how much more is the arrest rate for black people than white people?
3 times more
why do bowling and phillips argue the CPS is more likely to drop cases against ethnic minorities?
as the evidence presented in court by the police is often weaker and only based on stereotyping
how much higher is black imprisonment rates than whites?
5% higher than white offenders
Roger Hood
found that black men were 5% more likely to receive a custodial sentence and were given sentences on average 3 months longer than white men
what is plea bargaining?
where the defendant agrees to plead guilty or no contest to a charge in exchange for concessions from the prosecutor
what is a PSR?
a risk assessment to assist magistrates in deciding on the approriate sentence for a given offender
Hudson and Bramhall
argue that PSRs allow for discrimination - found reports on asian offenders were less comprehensive and less remorseful than white offenders
in 2014 how much of the prison population were ethnic minorities?
over a quarter
In 2014 how many black people were jailed, compared to white and asian?
5.5 per 1000 black people, 1.6 per 1000 asians and 1.4 per 1000 white people
how much more likely were black people to be in prison?
4 times
AO3:
Police Race Action Plan: improving policing for black people
How can we undermine this AO3?
it supports the argument for institutional racism but shows they are actively trying to address it
lea & young
because such a large proportion of crime is reported by the public, even if they are discriminatory, it is unlikely they can adequately account for the ethnic difference in statistics
what do lea and young argue is the reason for difference in statistics?
stats represent real differences in level of offending between ethnic groups and these are caused by differences in marginalisation and relative deprivation
AO3: Head of Police
In January 2024, Head of Police deemed the force as institutionally racist
Gilroy
black criminality is a myth created by racist stereotypes, as a result the police and CJS act on these racist stereotypes and therefore they appear in greater numbers
what does gilroy say ethnic minority crime can be a form of?
political resistance against a racist society
why would this increase crime rates?
as they are resisting against the police who hold the power to arrest
AO3: lea and young
- lea and young argue first generation immigrants were very law abiding so unlikely to pass down ant-colonial struggle
