theories of prejudice

Question 1

what is the law called that protects people against discrimination

Answer 1

Equality Act 2010

Question 2

what was the Stanford prison experiment

Answer 2

to test people’s responses to an oppressive regime
protest against the Vietnam War
paid $15 to play either a guard or prisoner

Question 3

what was the result of the Stanford prison experiment

Answer 3

uniform= increased authority
realistic setting= increased authority

Question 4

what is Allport’s scale a measure of

Answer 4

prejudice in society

Question 5

what is the Alport’s scale (from 1-5)

Answer 5

1- anti-locution
2- avoidance
3- discrimination
4- physical attack
5- extermination

Question 6

what is anti-locution

Answer 6

derogatory speech
harms the self-esteem
self-image of group harmed

Question 7

what is discrimination

Answer 7

denying them opportunities

Question 8

who proposed the social identity theory

Answer 8

Taifel and Turner 1979

Question 9

what does the social identity theory propose

Answer 9

tendency to identify ourselves part of a group and classify other people as either within or outside that group

Question 10

SIT- what is social categorisation

Answer 10

seeing yourself as part as a group belonging to a group based on your gender, social, class, religion, school or friends

Question 11

SIT- what is social identification

Answer 11

classing yourself in an in-group or out-group

Question 12

SIT- what is social comparison

Answer 12

viewing your social identity as superior to others

increases self-esteem

Question 13

what is a minimal group study

Answer 13

a minimum circumstance in which a behaviour most occurs

Question 14

give the ‘E’ in the evaluation of SIT

Answer 14

Taifel (1970)

2 groups of boys having different perceptions on art
out-group was insulted (‘an over-estimator’)

shows how discrimination is present even when there is no threat present but happens as it increase self-esteem as they have put down another group

Question 15

give the ‘A’ in the evaluation of SIT

Answer 15

Deutsch and Collins (1951)

integrated housing projects of black and white neighbours
increased contact= decreased prejudice

Question 16

give the ‘C’ in the evaluation of SIT

Answer 16

boys are naturally more competitive due to testosterone
(Mazur and Booth 1998)

Question 17

give the ‘H’ in the evaluation of SIT

Answer 17

minimal group studies have low task validity

Tajfel 1970 used comparison of art work and this is not representative of more important forms of prejudice such as racism and sexism

Question 18

summarise the realistic conflict theory

Answer 18

explains how inter-group hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources

Question 19

RCT- what is negative interdependence

Answer 19

occurs in situation where 2 groups of people are both seeking to achieve a goal that is important for both of them

each group will obstruct the other group’s achievement

Question 20

RIC- what is zero-sums fate

Answer 20

prejudice is more likely if the resources are finite

there is one winner and one loser

Question 21

what are super-ordinate goals

Answer 21

goals which set up where the goal can only be set up by people working toegther

Question 22

RIC- give the ‘E’ in the evaluation

Answer 22

Sherif et al (1954/61)

increased competition will increase prejudice
both trying to be the winners of tasks

Question 23

RIC- give the ‘A’ in the evaluation

Answer 23

enables prediction of prejudice occurring if resources start to become scarce

for example- Hutus killed 8,000 Tutsis over 3 months, this event was preceded by the economic downturn and political unrest

Question 24

RIC- give the ‘C’ in the evaluation

Answer 24

Adorno authoritarian personality

prejudice comes from harsh parenting and threatened by other people’s freedom, this theory is more specific and can explain individual differences better

Question 25

RIC- give the ‘H’ in the evaluation

Answer 25

decrease in validity
‘what came first the egg or the chicken?’ debate