theories of prejudice Flashcards
what is the law called that protects people against discrimination
Equality Act 2010
what was the Stanford prison experiment
to test people’s responses to an oppressive regime
protest against the Vietnam War
paid $15 to play either a guard or prisoner
what was the result of the Stanford prison experiment
uniform= increased authority
realistic setting= increased authority
what is Allport’s scale a measure of
prejudice in society
what is the Alport’s scale (from 1-5)
1- anti-locution
2- avoidance
3- discrimination
4- physical attack
5- extermination
what is anti-locution
derogatory speech
harms the self-esteem
self-image of group harmed
what is discrimination
denying them opportunities
who proposed the social identity theory
Taifel and Turner 1979
what does the social identity theory propose
tendency to identify ourselves part of a group and classify other people as either within or outside that group
SIT- what is social categorisation
seeing yourself as part as a group belonging to a group based on your gender, social, class, religion, school or friends
SIT- what is social identification
classing yourself in an in-group or out-group
SIT- what is social comparison
viewing your social identity as superior to others
increases self-esteem
what is a minimal group study
a minimum circumstance in which a behaviour most occurs
give the ‘E’ in the evaluation of SIT
Taifel (1970)
2 groups of boys having different perceptions on art
out-group was insulted (‘an over-estimator’)
shows how discrimination is present even when there is no threat present but happens as it increase self-esteem as they have put down another group
give the ‘A’ in the evaluation of SIT
Deutsch and Collins (1951)
integrated housing projects of black and white neighbours
increased contact= decreased prejudice
give the ‘C’ in the evaluation of SIT
boys are naturally more competitive due to testosterone
(Mazur and Booth 1998)
give the ‘H’ in the evaluation of SIT
minimal group studies have low task validity
Tajfel 1970 used comparison of art work and this is not representative of more important forms of prejudice such as racism and sexism
summarise the realistic conflict theory
explains how inter-group hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources
RCT- what is negative interdependence
occurs in situation where 2 groups of people are both seeking to achieve a goal that is important for both of them
each group will obstruct the other group’s achievement
RIC- what is zero-sums fate
prejudice is more likely if the resources are finite
there is one winner and one loser
what are super-ordinate goals
goals which set up where the goal can only be set up by people working toegther
RIC- give the ‘E’ in the evaluation
Sherif et al (1954/61)
increased competition will increase prejudice
both trying to be the winners of tasks
RIC- give the ‘A’ in the evaluation
enables prediction of prejudice occurring if resources start to become scarce
for example- Hutus killed 8,000 Tutsis over 3 months, this event was preceded by the economic downturn and political unrest
RIC- give the ‘C’ in the evaluation
Adorno authoritarian personality
prejudice comes from harsh parenting and threatened by other people’s freedom, this theory is more specific and can explain individual differences better
RIC- give the ‘H’ in the evaluation
decrease in validity
‘what came first the egg or the chicken?’ debate
