surveys in the social psychological approach Flashcards
what are closed questions
allowing only answers which fit into categories that have been decided in advance by the researcher
what is nominal data
variables into categories
what is ordinal data
something that can be ranked
closed questions- generalisability
cost effective and generalisable
data can be quickly obtained, usually involves ticking boxes
a large range of answers and can easily obtain a general answer from the sample
closed questions- reliability
high reliable
questions are standardised
will be able to generalise a mean
closed questions- validity
high validity
quantitative data
no experimenter bias and lacks subjectivity
what are open questions
allows people to express their views the way they would want to
give a type of an open question
open-ended questions
open questions- generalisability
low generalisability
time consuming as there will be a large set
people deter from using these type of questions when researching
open questions- reliability
low reliability
takes longer for the respondent to complete open questions
a problem as there may be a smaller sample size, which can be detered
open questions- validity
low validity
qualitative data is obtained
high in experimenter bias and answers may cause confusion which can decrease the chance of a cause and effect being established
what is the response rate of a questionnaire usually
as low as 5%
what are the 6 factors that make an efficient questionnaire design
aim
length
pilot study
question order
terminology
presentation
what is the ideal length of a questionnaire
2 sides of A4 paper
what is a pilot study
small scale practice study to ensure people understand the questions
what are 2 ethical issues of questionnaires
consent may not be given
protection from harm (personal questions may be included)
give 3 ways postal questionnaires can be invalid
can be lost in the post
may be completed by the wrong person
may not even fill out the questionnaire
give 2 reasons why pilot studies are benefitial
checks the terminology used in questionnaires
check that emotive questions have not been used as they make people defensive
questionnaires- generalisability
high generalisability
large amount of information from a large sample of people
low in ethnocentric/androcentric
questionnaires- reliability
high reliability
can be massed produced and repeated
quick and efficent
questionnaires- validity
low validity
acquiscience bias (tendency to agree with statements)
false information
what is acquiscience bias
tendency to agree with statements
questionnaires- ethics
low ethics
emotive language and questions can cause people to invalidate their answers
protection from harm
what is jargan language
simple langauge
what is an interview scheduele
a list containing a set of structured questions to serve as a guide for interviews
what are structured interviews
reads out a pre-planned set of questions
what are unstructured interviews
an unplanned interview where questions are asked and thought of in the moment
what are the variables that need to be considered when designing an interviews (3)
personality
gender
ethnicity
what is the interviewer effect
the interviewer can influence the answers of the responders
