Theories of Management Flashcards
Theory of Scientific Management by Frederick Taylor talks about?
Approach that aims for max output w min expenditure of diff resources; gusto mataas ang production and profit tas increased din salaries para motiv
Theory of Scientific Management is by?
Frederick Taylor
Frederick Taylor’s theory
Theory of Scientific Managment
What is Frederick Taylor’s System of Work Improvement?
[OST-PAA]
- Controlled observation of the worker’s performance (via supervisor)
- Scientific selection of the best man to perform such job (based on credentials)
- Training selected worker (mas ok kung nakaadjust ka agad)
- Paying the worker (according sa performance dapat para maging motivation Nila)
- Appointing a few of the most highly skilled workers to managerial position (based on technical competence)
- Appointing a foreman (eto na yung supervisor; sila yung nagssupervise sa performance ng lahat)
Classical and Administrative Management by Henri Fayol talks about ?
Para effective ang management mo, dapat makachoose ka ng tamang ✨mgmt principles✨ na mag guide sa imo; kaya gumawa siya ng 4 functions of mgmt and 14 mgmt principles > diri mag base ang imo nga troubleshooting
Principles are based sa theories
Classic and Administrative Management by Luther Gulick talks about?
Parang extension nung Kay Henri kasi may 7 activities of mgmt siya na halos same sa 4 funtions;
7 activities: Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating, Reporting, & Budgeting (POSDCoRB)
Theory of Social and Economic Organization by Max Weber talks about?
(Under classical and administrative management din to)
Bureaucratic style sya; may organizational structure/hierarchy and people follow that / dun nagbbase ang job scope mo; very specific rules in place; based on technicalities (pati sa employment) #trabaholangpo
What are the theories under classical and administrative management?
Henri Fayol
Luther Gulick
Max Webber
4 functions of mgmt ni Fayol?
Planning, Organizing, Directing, Controlling
4 Functions ni Fayol vs 7 activities ni Gulick?
PODC
VS.
POSDCRB
Theories under human relations include that of?
Mary Follet
Elton Mayo & Fritz Roethlisberger
Mary Follet’s HR theory talks about?
Di ka dapat dictator, exercise mo dapat power mo WITH the workers; makisama ka rather than being output dependent para di lang din legitimate power ang sau, pwede ka pa aabot ka pa ng personhood o diba
Para mas achieve ang goals, dapat tugma din ang human element (perzonality!) & work environment (org culture)
Bali human centered approach siya, medj democratic kasi hinihingi mo input ng iba
Mayo and Roethlisberger’s HR theory talks about?
Based siya sa Hawthorne effect (mas epektib k pag may audience); so idea Nila is dapat imodify ang social (rel. w coworkers & superiors) Tsaka psychological (recognition + incentives) satisfactions sa work para mas productive
Follet vs Mayo & Roethlisberger?
F: dapat makisama ka sa tao; democratic; human centered
M&R: meet ang envi satisfactions ng tao para mas productive sila
Behavioral science theorists include?
Kurt Lewin
Henry Mintzberg
Herbert Simon
Peter Drucker
Field Theory of Human Behavior ni Kurt Lewin talks about?
Worker’s behavior is based sa personality nila, structure ng primary work grp (personality ng iba), and socio-technical climate (org culture)
Involves 3 phases of behavior change:
* Unfreezing
* Changing
* Refreezing
Field theory of human behavior is by?
Kurt Lewin
Kurt Lewin’s theory is called?
Field theory of Human behavior
Phases of attitude and behavior change includes?
- Unfreezing: Realizing need for change; siguraduhin mo na Reid din angemployees
- Changing: executing yung change mismo; implementing yung diff strats na naisip mo para rin yk kung epektib
- Refreezing: ensuring na permanent change yan (wag tau sa temporary) by institutionalizing it - gawa ka policies para ma implement siya sa buong org
Henry Mintzberg’s theory under behavioral science talks about?
10 Managerial roles divided into 3 categories
- Interpersonal Roles (3 - FLL)
- Informational Roles (3 - MDS)
- Decision Roles (4 - EDNR)
What are the 3 categories under Mintzberg’s theory?
Interpersonal, Informational, Decision
MINTZBERG: What roles are under interpersonal category?
- Figurehead role: ceremonial duties (e.g. pagwelcome; attending formal events; ribbon cutting)
- Leader role: direct involvement sa pagaprub ng decisionz + appointing mgmt team
- Liaison role: internal + external relations
MINTZBERG: What roles are under the informational category?
- Monitor: receive + send info para macontrol ka; pwedeng they give u ur performance eval, monitoring info abt u
- Dissemination: sharing info via spoken or written role; the marites
- Spokesman: speaks on behalf ng dept
MINTZBERG: What are the roles under the decision category?
- Entrepreneur: constant adding / discontinuing of projects depending on their success
- Disturbance Handler: mitigator sa problems arising out of extraordinary circumstances (e.g. strikes, bankruptcies)
- Negotiator: pwedeng nego of argument or labor contract; represent mo ang org sa pagbargain
- Resource Allocator: division ng human & matl resources based sa org needs
Herbert Simon’s theory under Behavioral Science talks about?
Believes insititutions r a network of decision makers; proposed 2 approaches in decision making and steps to decide
What are Herbert Simon’s Approaches to decision making?
- Optimizing: weigh pros and cons; economic man
- Satisfying: dun sila sa unang okay and na solution w/o looking at alternatives, di bale na kung best option to or no basta maayos ang situation; administrative man
What are Herbert Simon’s steps in decision making?
- List alternative strategies for resolving the problem under consideration
- Determine consequences of each
- Compare eval of mga consequences (parang i-weigh mo)
Under behavioral science theories, What does Peter Drucker’s Management by Objectives (MBO) talk about?
Objectives determine direction of org kaya need muna icarefully formulate and pursue ang mga objectives, kasi sasama na dun yung ibang concerns
SMART objectives
- specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, time bound
What falls under Motivational Theories?
- Hierarchy of Needs - Abraham Maslow
- Theories X and Y - Douglas McGregor
- Extension of Theory Y - Ferdinand Herzberg
- Theory Z (Humanistic) - William Ouchi
Identify each level in the Hierarchy of Needs and describe each in terms of how an organization meets these
- Physiological - need ng adequate salary, breaks, working conditions
- Safety - SAFE working conditions; salary increases na tugma w inflation, job security and mga med insurance/sick pay
- Social: opportunities to interact w others, do activities
- Self-esteem: titles, completing jobs, pay raises, recognition, sali sa decision making, chance for advancement, challenging tasks
- Self-actualization - development of skills; chances to be creative; promotions; control over their jobs
Differentiate worker X and Y in McGregor’s theory
Worker X: lazy, unmotivated, kailangang idirect, avoids responsibility, focus lang sa financial incentives than personal achievements; kailangang icoerce or threat para maayos gawa
Worker Y: may self-control and direction; personally committed; learns to seek and accept responsibility kaya it walang material incentives
What does Ferdinand Herzberg’s theory talk about?
There r external factors (2) that affect performance of factors
What are the factors under Herzberg’s theory?
- Hygienic: Dissatisfiers - saks lang na salary, okay na relations, tolerable conditions; these come fr work envi mismo
- Motivation: Satifiers - meaningful work, opportunities for advancement, adequate recognition; come fr within the person; psych satisfaction ng worker
William Ouchi’s Theory Z talks about?
- Hard S vs Soft S
- focused on creating better ways to motivate ppl + addresses some of their basic needs
OUCHI: Hard S vs. Soft S?
Hard S: seen w/i org; goals, strategy, structure
Soft S: seen w/i worker mismo; staff, skills, style
What are the elements of theory Z?
- Collective decision making (consensus bldg)
- Long-term employment
- Slower but more predictable promotions
- Indirect supervision (para natural sila magact)
- Holistic concern for employees
